清代广西方志纂修与边疆治理——以修志者的历史书写与文本建构为视角

The Compilation of Guangxi Local Chronicles and Frontier Governance in the Qing Dynasty:From the Perspective of the Historical Writing and Text Construction of the Writers for the Chronicles

清代广西地方志的大量编纂是清王朝稳固统治和治理边疆的重要政治文化实践活动,修志者通过创设条目、书写按语等方式,积极宣扬国家意志、稳定边疆秩序、推行边地教化,地方志成为其加强边疆治理的政治工具与文化资源。桂西地方志的土司书写,一方面对世袭土司的守土之功予以充分肯定,另一方面强调国家对土司恩威并重、控驭得当,利用修志之机,树立朝廷威严。晚清时期,广西方志对动乱中殉难的官绅、民众予以大力旌表,高度称颂其忠义之举,以此建构地方社会的国家认同,稳固清王朝的正统地位。《祠祀》条目对传统祀典“消弭灾害”、安定民心的作用予以充分肯定,并将大量未获赐额但深受推崇的民间祠祀加以收录,蕴含了修志者借民间信仰稳定边疆秩序的深远用意。在《学校》《选举》条目,修志者希望通过引言、按语的书写,激励本地士子奋发上进,振兴边地文教。在《风俗》《物产》《人物》等条目,修志者尤为重视风俗改造与人物旌表,充分发挥地方志广行教化的功用。清代广西地方志的编纂以及修志者为此做出的努力,为增强边疆社会对中央王朝的向心力、维护国家统一发挥了重要作用,对于边疆治理与国家认同意义重大。

The compilation of Guangxi local chronicles in large numbers in the Qing Dynasty was an important political and cultural practice for the Qing Dynasty to stabilize the rule and govern the border areas.By creating entries and writing notes,the writers for chronicles actively promoted the national will,stabilized the order of the border area,and promoted the education and discipline of the border area.The local chronicles became political tools and cultural resources to strengthen the governance of the border area.On the one hand,the writing of the chieftains in the local chronicles of western Guangxi fully recognized the contribution of the hereditary chieftain in defending the land,while on the other hand,it emphasized that the Qing Dynasty could control the chieftain properly to establish the majesty of the imperial court.It was through the opportunity of compiling the chronicles,so as establish the majesty of the imperial court.In the late Qing Dynasty,the Guangxi local chronicles strongly praised to officials,gentry and ordinary people who died in the local turmoil,highly advocated their loyalty and righteousness,so as to construct the national identity of the local society and stabilize the orthodox position of the Qing Dynasty.The item under“Sacrifice”fully confirmed the positive role of official sacrificial ceremonies in“eliminating disasters”and stabilizing people’s hearts,and included a large number of folk sacrificial offerings that were not granted but highly respected and promoted,which implied the profound intention of the writers to stabilize the border order through fork religions.In items of“School”and“Election”,the writers expected to inspire the local scholars to work diligently and revitalize the culture and education of the border area through writing the introduction and notes.In the items of“Customs”,“Products”and“People”,the writers paid special attention to the transformation of customs and the praise of people,allowing the local chronicles to fully play its role in educating and indoctrinating people.The compilation of Guangxi local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty and the efforts made by the writers played an important role in strengthening the centripetal force of the frontier society towards the central dynasty and maintaining the national unity,which was of great significance to frontier governance and national identity.