考虑射程损失的高超声速飞行器突防弹道分析与设计方法

Analysis and Design Method of Hypersonic Vehicle Penetration Ballistics Considering Range Loss

研究了高超声速飞行器突防机动造成速度损失进而影响射程的问题。高超声速飞行器在面对拦截威胁时需要靠自身机动进行躲避,而机动躲避将会使得飞行状态产生偏离,进而影响高超声速飞行器的射程。针对此问题,首先分别建立弹道式和滑翔式高超声速飞行器运动学和动力学模型,然后考虑突防机动过程中造成的速度、弹道倾角等弹道参数变化,分别构建弹道式和滑翔式高超声速飞行器的射程与弹道参数关系模型,得到突防机动-射程变化关系。之后,通过数值仿真对突防机动-射程变化二者之间的关系进行验证,结果表明,弹道式和滑翔式高超声速飞行器的机动均会导致射程变化,且变化规律与理论分析基本一致,验证了所提出突防机动-射程变化模型的正确性和有效性。最后,基于突防机动-射程变化模型,针对两种高超声速飞行器分别给出对射程变化影响较小的突防机动策略,为提升飞行器飞行性能提供理论和方法基础。

The problem of speed loss caused by penetration maneuver of hypersonic vehicles and thus affecting the range is studied. When facing the interception threat, the hypersonic vehicle needs to rely on its own maneuvering to avoid it, and the maneuvering avoidance will cause the flight state to deviate, which will affect the range of the hypersonic vehicle. In order to solve this problem, the kinematic and dynamic models of the ballistic and gliding hypersonic vehicles are established respectively, and then the changes in ballistic parameters such as speed and ballistic inclination caused by the penetration maneuver are considered. The relationship model between the range and ballistic parameters is constructed, and the relationship between penetration maneuver and range change is obtained. After that, the relationship between penetration maneuvering and range change is verified by the numerical simulation. The results show that the maneuvering of both ballistic and gliding hypersonic vehicles will lead to the range change, and the change law is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis. Correctness and validity of the proposed penetration maneuver-range variation model is verified. Finally, based on the penetration maneuver-range variation model, a penetration maneuver strategy with less effect on the range variation is given for the two hypersonic vehicles, which provides a theoretical and methodological basis for improving the flight performance of the aircraft.