杂粮代餐粉的配方设计和工艺优化

Formulation Design and Process Optimization of Meal Powder Substitute for Cereals

以青稞、绿豆、黑豆、苦荞为原料,对双螺杆挤压膨化技术进行工艺优化,解决杂粮粉冲调结块、分层明显的缺点,得到溶解速度快、质地均匀、富有营养的杂粮粉。利用线性规划法(LP),科学设计出杂粮营养代餐粉配方。通过对物料水分、挤压温度和螺杆转速3个单因素以及Box-Behnken响应面实验设计,得到复合杂粮代餐粉的最佳双螺杆挤压工艺参数:螺杆转速162 r/min,挤压温度160℃,物料含水量18%,在此条件下得到的杂粮代餐粉离心沉淀率为(SR)76.54%,吸水性指数(WAI)为372.6%,水溶性(WSI)为16.8%,分散性(DI)为92.45%,润湿性(WP)为35.32 S,结块率(AR)为10.18%,冲调性能具有极大改善。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对挤压膨化前后物料结构进行对比,发现挤压膨化使其冲调性改善的原因是挤压过程中高温、高压、高剪切力使淀粉糊化、蛋白变性,大分子物质剪切成较小分子。

The process optimization of twin screw extrusion puffing technology wascarried out barley, mung bean, black bean and buckwheat as raw materials to address the obvious shortcomings of mixed grain powder mixing and agglomeration and layering, and obtain a grain powder with fast dissolution speed, uniform texture and rich nutrition. The formula of multiple nutrition meal replacement powder was scientifically designedusing the linear programming method(LP). Based on the experimental design of three single factors of material moisture, extrusion temperature and screw speed and box-Behnken response surface, the best twin screw extrusion process parameters for composite grain meal replacement powder were obtained: screw speed 162 r/min, extrusion temperature 160 ℃, material moisture content of 18%, centrifugal precipitation rate of grain meal replacement powder obtained under this condition was(SR) 76.54%, water absorption index(WAI) was 372.6%, and water solubility(WSI) was 16.8%. In addition, thedispersibility(DI) was 92.45%. The wettability(WP) was 35.32 S, and the agglomeration rate(AR) was 10.18%, and the punching performance was greatly improved. By scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy to compare the material structure before and after extrusion, it was found that the reason for the improvement of extrusion was that the high temperature, high pressure and high shear force make the starch gelatinization and protein denaturation during the extrusion process, and the macromolecular substance was sheared into smaller molecules.