贵州威宁短柱油茶与册亨红球油茶籽油品质分析

Quality Analysis of Seed Oil of Camellia Weiningensis and Ceheng Red Ball Camellia oleifera in Guizhou

为探明我国贵州地区独特的高寒山区和低热河谷区2个自然环境下本地特有油茶物种的油茶籽油品质的差异性,同时选育优质木本油料品种,从威宁短柱油茶和册亨红球油茶种质资源中筛选出稳产、抗病的优株共计14份,对2种类型油茶单位冠幅产量、茶籽油脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成与功能性活性物质含量进行测定,并应用主成分分析方法对油脂质量进行综合评价。结果表明,威宁短柱油茶脂肪含量显著高于册亨红球油茶,而单位冠幅产量低于册亨红球油茶;2种茶籽油的脂肪酸均由SFA、MUFA和PUFA组成,3种成分含量最高的分别为WN-8(14.72%)、QXN-5(84.75%)和QXN-4(11.17%);茶籽油功能性活性物质主要包括α-VE、总酚、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇,含量变化范围分别为17.90 mg/100 g(WN-1)~34.27 mg/100 g(QXN-3)、3.41 mg/kg(WN-9)~40.46 mg/kg (WN-8)、79.33 mg/kg (QXN-2)~364.73 mg/kg (WN-7)、204.40 mg/kg (WN-6)~350.10 mg/kg (WN-7)。主成分分析结果表明,油脂质量排名前三的优株依次为WN-7、WN-8、WN-5,威宁短柱油茶籽油品质高于册亨红球油茶籽油,两者综合平均得分分别为0.275和-0.495。

In order to investigate the differences in the quality of Camellia oil from unique natural environments of alpine mountains compared to low heat valley areas in Guizhou, China, and to select and breed high-quality oilseed varieties, a total of 14 superior plants with stable yield and disease resistance were selected from the germplasm resources of Camellia weiningensis and a local red bulb Camellia oleifera from Ceheng in the present study. The yield per unit of crown area, fat content of oil, fatty acid composition and active substances of the two oil tea varieties were measured, and the oil quality was comprehensively evaluated by applying the principal component analysis method. The results indicatedthat the fatty acid content of Camellia weiningensis was significantly higher than that of the “red bulb” Camellia oleifera from Ceheng, while the yield per unit of crown area was lower;the fatty acids of both tea seed oils were composed of SFA, MUFA and PUFA, and the highest contents of the three components were WN-8(14.72%), QXN-5(84.75%) and QXN-4(11.17%), respectively. The active substances of tea seed oil mainly included α-VE, polyphenols, squalene and β-sitosterol, with the content variety ranging from 17.90 mg/100 g(WN-1) to 34.27 mg/100 g(QXN-3), 3.41 mg/kg(WN-9) to 40.46 mg/kg(WN-8), 79.33 mg/kg(QXN-2) to 364.73 mg/kg(WN-7), and 204.40 mg/kg(WN-6) to 350.10 mg/kg(WN-7). The results of principal component analysis revealed that the top three superior strains in terms of oil quality were WN-7, WN-8 and WN-5 in order, and the quality of Camellia weiningensis oil was higher than that of the red-bulb local Camellia oleifera from Ceheng, with combined average scores of 0.275 and-0.495, respectively.