以政府主导突破校企合作藩篱:英国现代学徒制的经验

Breaking through the Barriers of school Enterprise Cooperation under the Leadership of the Government:the Experience of Modern Apprenticeship in Britain

随着各国职业教育的发展,以校企合作为特征的现代学徒制成为有效的职业人才培养方式。但在我国现代学徒制的运行过程中,校企合作存在政府治理机制缺位、企业参与动力缺位以及行业组织监督评估缺位等问题。英国在政府的主导下,以法出制随解决“履责难”困境、以权利赋予突破“低参与”壁障、以独立评估回应“高质量”质疑,成功建立了高质量的现代学徒制,为我国突破校企合作藩篱提供了以下借鉴:一是完善地方职业教育法规,发挥政府的引领和治理功能;二是加强对企业发展需要的关注,激发企业参与动力;三是完善质量监督与评价体系,保障校企合作质量。

With the development of vocational education in many countries, modern apprenticeship system characterized by school enterprise cooperation has become an effective way to cultivate vocational talents. However, in the process of the operation of modern apprenticeship in China, there are many problems in school enterprise cooperation, such as the absence of government governance mechanism, the absence of motivation for enterprises to participate, and the absence of supervision and evaluation of industry organizations. Under the leadership of the government, the UK solves the dilemma of the "accountability", breaks through the "low participation" barrier, responds to the "high quality" question with independent evaluation and successfully establishes a high-quality modern apprenticeship system, which provides the following lessons for China to break through the barriers of school enterprise cooperation: 1. Improve local vocational education laws and regulations, and give play to the government’s leading and governance functions;2. Pay more attention to the development needs of enterprises and stimulate their participation;3. Improve the quality supervision and evaluation system to ensure the quality of school enterprise cooperation.