美国数据与算法安全治理:进路、特征与启示

Data and Algorithm Security Governance in the United States:Approaches,Characteristics and Enlightenments

新科技革命和产业变革将重塑全球经济,数据与算法成为新科技革命的重要驱动,同时也衍生出一系列安全风险。长期以来美国对数据与算法安全治理十分重视,研究美国数据与算法安全治理特征,能够对我国建立并完善数据与算法安全治理机制与体系发挥重要作用。本文从联邦政府、州和地方政府治理制度及机构两个维度入手,系统梳理美国数据与算法安全相关制度及机构权责,以研究美国数据与算法安全的治理进路,并综合治理进路从治理制度和治理机构两个方面总结其治理特征。最终基于治理特征并结合我国治理现状提出四点建议:构建“分领域、精细化、多层次”的个人隐私数据安全监管体系,构建“硬法到协同”的数据与算法安全治理机制,建立具有“国际话语权”的人工智能伦理规范,建立“层次分明、多方共治”的协同治理机构。

The new technological revolution and industrial transformation will reshape the global economy.Data and algorithms become an important driver of the new technological revolution,which also gives rise to a series of security risks.The United States has long attached great importance to data and algorithm security governance,and the study of data and algorithm security governance characteristics in the United States can play an important role in establishing and improving data and algorithm security governance mechanisms and systems in China.Starting from two dimensions of federal government,state and local government governance systems and institutions,it systematically sorts out the systems and institutional powers and responsibilities related to data and algorithm security in the United States,in order to realize the governance approach of data and algorithm security in the United States,and summarize its governance characteristics from two aspects of governance system and governance institution.Finally,four recommendations are made in the light of the current situation of governance in China:to build a"sub-field,refined,multi-level"personal privacy data security regulatory system;to build a"hardlaw for coordination"data and algorithm security governance mechanism;to establish an AI ethics code with"International discourse power";to establish a"hierarchical,multi-party governancing"collaborative governance institution.