典型改良物料对酸化果园土壤及果实的调控效应

Regulation Effect of Typical Modifiers on Acidic soil and Fruit in Orchard

为探索不同典型改良物料对酸化果园土壤的改良效果,该试验选用生石灰、石灰氮、轻烧粉、钙镁磷钾肥、草木灰和轻质碳酸钙6种改良剂,研究其对土壤的改良效果和对果实及树体的调控效果。结果表明:(1)所有改良物料都能较好地改良酸化土壤,生石灰、轻烧粉和石灰氮可以使土壤pH值至少提高0.45,钙镁磷钾肥、草木灰和轻质碳酸钙可以使土壤pH值提高0.25左右。(2)所有改良物料均降低了苦痘病和黑点病的发病率,轻烧粉的效果最佳。(3)生石灰和石灰氮明显增加苹果树2 mm根系的数量,对提高苹果着色面积也有明显的效果。(4)生石灰处理的苹果产量、可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度均显著高于对照;石灰氮和轻质碳酸钙处理的产量与对照相近,可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度均显著高于对照。综合考虑土壤改良效果,生石灰、石灰氮和轻烧粉均是效果不错的酸化土壤改良剂,3种改良剂配合施用对酸化果园土壤改良的效果会更佳。

In order to study the amelioration effect of different typical modifiers on acidified orchard soil,we selected 6 modifiers including quicklime,calcium cyanamide,light burning powder,calcium magnesium phosphate potassium fertilizer,plant ash and light calcium carbonate,and studied their effects on soil improvement and fruit and tree body regulation.The results showed that:(1)All the modifiers could improve the acidified soil,quicklime,light burned powder and lime nitrogen could increase the soil pH by at least 0.45,while calcium magnesium phosphate potassium fertilizer,plant ash and light calcium carbonate could increase the soil pH by about 0.25.(2)All modifiers reduced the incidence of bitter pit and black spot,the effect of light burning powder was the best.(3)Quicklime and calcium cyanamide significantly increased the number of 2 mm roots of apple trees,and also had an obvious effect on fruit coloration.(4)The yield,soluble solid content and flesh firmness of the apple treated with quicklime were significantly higher than those of the control;The yield of lime nitrogen and light calcium carbonate treatment was similar to that of the control,and the content of soluble solids and flesh hardness were significantly higher than that of the control.Considering the soil improvement effect comprehensively,quicklime,lime nitrogen and light calcined powder are all good acidified soil improvers,and the combination of the 3 improvers will have a better effect on acidified orchard soil improvement.