乌鲁木齐国际机场一次冬季东南大风成因和特征分析

Analysis of the causes and characteristics of a winter southeast gale in Urumqi International Airport

针对乌鲁木齐国际机场2021-02-19的1次冬季东南大风天气,文章利用了区域自动气象站、NCAR/NCEP FNL 0.25°×0.25°再分析数据、AWOS、微波辐射计及风廓线雷达等资料进行成因和特征分析。结果表明:1)此次东南大风以回流型为主,地面呈“东高西低”“南高北低”的气压场形势;2)在低层,机场上空暖平流明显,东南风层建立并加强,逆温层最强盛时,东南风层接地,逆温层的高度变化与地面风向的变化有很好的对应关系;3)东南大风出现后,机场气温陡升,湿度急剧下降,修正海平面气压表现为先降后升的特征,气压变化时间早于风向转变时间;4)此次东南大风的特点是持续时间短,风力强劲,具有非常明显的压差和温差。

In view of a southeast gale in winter at Urumqi International Airport on February 19th,2021,the causes and characteristics were analyzed by using regional automatic station,NCAR/NCEP FNL 0.25°×0.25°reanalysis data,AWOS,microwave radiometer and wind profile radar data.The results show that:1)the southeast gale is mainly of backflow type,and the pressure field of surface situation is"high in the east and low in the west"and"high in the south and low in the north".2)At the lower level,the warm advection over the airport is obvious,and the southeast wind layer is established and strengthened.When the inversion layer is strongest,the southeast wind layer is grounded,and the height change of the inversion layer has a good corresponding relationship with the change of the ground wind direction.3)After the southeast gale appeared,the air temperature rose sharply and the humidity dropped sharply,and the corrected sea level pressure showed the characteristics of first falling and then rising,and the change time of air pressure was earlier than the change time of wind direction.4)The southeast gale is characterized by short duration,strong wind,and obvious pressure and temperature differences.