2008—2020年京津冀及周边地区人为源氨排放清单研究

Inventory of Anthropogenic Ammonia Emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas from 2008 to 2020

氨可以在大气中转化生成铵根离子,成为PM_(2.5)中重要的水溶性无机离子组分,长时间序列的氨排放清单是研究PM_(2.5)污染历史成因的重要基础.为探究京津冀及周边地区人为源氨排放来源和排放特征,根据北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省、山东省和河南省的各类氨排放活动水平,采用排放因子法建立了京津冀及周边地区的氨排放清单.结果表明:(1)2008—2020年京津冀及周边地区的氨排放量总体呈下降趋势,从3170.21×10^(3)t降至2767.59×10^(3)t.农业源是主要贡献源,其氨排放量(2551.94×10^(3)~3061.26×10^(3)t)占氨排放总量的92.21%~93.38%;非农业源氨排放量介于209.85×10^(3)~232.38×10^(3)t之间.(2)2020年,河南省的氨排放量最大,为908.57×10^(3)t,占京津冀及周边地区氨排放总量的32.83%,其次为山东省、河北省和山西省,占比分别为31.96%、24.39%和8.50%.(3)2020年,畜禽养殖氨排放量占氨排放总量的68.67%,蛋鸡、羊、肉牛和肉羊是主要氨排放源,分别占畜禽养殖氨排放总量的30.61%、13.92%、12.35%和12.14%.氮肥施用氨排放量占氨排放总量的20.68%,其中尿素占氮肥施用氨排放量的98.75%.(4)北京市、天津市以及石家庄市、太原市、济南市、郑州市等省会城市的氨排放强度较高,京津冀及周边地区的南部和中部氨排放强度相对较小.研究显示,京津冀及周边地区氨排放以畜禽养殖源为主,氮肥施用源次之,氨减排措施的制定应以削减农业源的氨排放量为重点.

Ammonia can be converted into ammonium ions in the atmosphere and then become an important water-soluble inorganic ion component in PM_(2.5).Therefore,the long-term sequence of ammonia emission inventory is an important basis for studying the historical causes of PM_(2.5)pollution.To investigate the sources and characteristics of ammonia emissions from anthropogenic sources in Beijing City,Tianjin City,Hebei Province,Shanxi Province,Shandong Province and Henan Province,the ammonia emission inventory of the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas was established using the emission factor method based on the activity levels of various ammonia emissions in these regions.The results showed that:(1)Ammonia emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and surrounding areas generally displayed a decreasing trend,dropping from 3170.21×10^(3)to 2767.59×10^(3)t during the study period of 2008-2020.Agricultural sources were the main contributors,accounting for 92.21%to 93.38%of the total ammonia emissions,ranging from2551.94×10^(3)to 3061.26×10^(3)t,and non-agricultural sources ranged from 209.85×10^(3)to 232.38×10^(3)t.(2)In 2020,the highest ammonia emission was 908.57×10^(3)t in Henan Province,accounting for 32.83%of the total ammonia emission,followed by Shandong Province,Hebei Province and Shanxi Province with 31.96%,24.39%and 8.50%,respectively.(3)In 2020,livestock farming sources constituted 68.67%of the total ammonia emissions,of which chickens,sheep,cattle and goats were the main ammonia emission sources,accounting for 30.61%,13.92%,12.35%and 12.14%respectively of the ammonia emissions from livestock farming.Nitrogen fertilizer application sources accounted for 20.68%of the total ammonia emissions,while urea source accounted 98.75%of total ammonia emission from nitrogen fertilizer applications.(4)The ammonia emissions in Beijing City,Tianjin City and provincial capital as Shijiazhuang City,Taiyuan City,Jinan City,and Zhengzhou City were relatively high,while the ammonia emissions in the southern and central urbans of the study areas were relatively low.The study has shown that ammonia emissions mainly come from livestock and poultry farming sources,followed by nitrogen fertilizer application sources,and the ammonia emission reduction measures should focus on reducing ammonia emissions from agricultural sources.