民国时期评剧名伶朱宝霞沪上演剧考述

A Study on ZHU Baoxia’s Pingju Performances in Shanghai During the Republican Period

朱宝霞并非沪上演出评剧第一人,早在1926年就有唐山蹦蹦戏班到上海演出,但“立蹦蹦戏之基业于上海”、改变大众对评剧偏见使之获得沪上观众特别是上流社会认同的是朱宝霞。1935年,朱宝霞在新世界河北歌剧场的演出开启了沪上评剧演出的新纪元。她的成功吸引了诸多评剧艺人和班社相继赴沪,使评剧艺术“风靡了上海滩”,促进了评剧的南下传播。1936—1944年,朱宝霞是坚持在沪上演出评剧最久的艺人。她技艺高超、擅演悲剧,且致力于评剧改良,提升了评剧的品位。朱宝霞在上海演出的成功,使部分文化人轻视甚至无视评剧和其他地方戏的状况有所改观。

ZHU Baoxia was not the first person to perform Pingju in Shanghai—as early as 1926, a Tangshan Bengbengxi troupe visited and performed in Shanghai—but it was ZHU who rooted Bengbengxi in Shanghai and transformed public prejudice against Pingju winning the form the recognition of Shanghai, especially Shanghai upper class audiences. Her performance at the Hebei Opera House of New World opened a new era of Pingju performance in Shanghai in 1935. Her success attracted numerous Pingju artists and troupes to Shanghai and made the Pingju art popular in the city, assisting the spread of Pingju to south China. ZHU stayed in Shanghai from 1936 to 1944, making her the longest-serving Pingju artist. Highly skilled, adept at performing in tragedies, and committed to the improvement of Pingju, improving form style. Her success in Shanghai changed the situation of Pingju and other theatrical forms often despised and overlooked by intellectuals.