“解放天性”论——对一种外来的演员训练方法的辨析

The Theory of “Liberating Nature”: An Analysis of a Foreign Method of Actor Training

“解放天性”一词20世纪80年代诞生于中央戏剧学院,是一套欧美演员训练方法中国化的称谓。1980年代初,周采芹等欧美老师来华讲学,带来了新的演员训练方法,新方法本土化后得到了这个称谓。随着解放天性训练在表演教学中的普及应用,“解放天性”成了表演教学领域一个广为流传的术语。然而,“解放天性”一词与演员训练的实质相差甚远,其能指与所指之间存在着先天不足,且在使用过程中未形成约定俗成的关系,给戏剧影视专业的师生带来了诸多误解。其实,解放天性训练仅仅是表演教学中的一种训练方法,与其他训练方法的目的是一致的,即排除学生转化为演员过程中的心理障碍,恢复其对外界刺激做出自然反应的能力。

The theatrical term “liberating nature” originated in The Central Academy of Drama in Beijing in the 1980 s and represents a set of sinicized terms for the European and American methods of actor training. In the early 1980 s, Tsai Chin and other European and American teachers visited China on lecture tours, introducing new methods of actor training that developed Chinese terminology after localization. With the widespread application of “liberating nature” training in acting teaching, the term became extremely popular in the field. However, the term is far from essence of actor training. Inherent defects exist between the signifier and the signified, a relationship not formed during the process of application, causing numerous misunderstandings to countless teachers and students majoring in theatre, film and television. In fact, a liberating nature is merely a training method in the process of acting teaching, whose purpose is consistent with other training methods, aiming to eliminate psychological barriers in the process of transforming students into actors, restoring their ability to effect natural responses to external stimuli.