时间偏好影响下的海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制

Ecological product value realization mechanism of marine ranch blue carbon sink under the influence of time preference

海洋牧场是促进海洋渔业转型升级和海洋生态文明建设的重要举措,其蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制则是将“绿水青山”转化为“金山银山”的关键环节。然而,参与主体单一、生态价值回报不足、跨期价值转换偏差等问题,严重制约着中国海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制的市场化、可持续运作。鉴于此,本文在“政府激励+蓝碳交易”直接机制的基础上融入“蓝碳质押信贷”间接机制,设计了一个涵盖政府、渔企、第三方服务机构(碳交易中心、银行等)3个主体,现期收益与未来收益可转换的海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制,同时将时间偏好引入演化博弈模型,分析了渔企时间偏好对该机制运作的影响。研究结论如下:(1)渔企时间偏好对海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制存在影响,对3个主体策略行为的影响而言,对渔企影响最大,其次是第三方服务机构、政府。(2)在直接实现机制中,补贴金额和环境保护税越高,越有利于推动海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场发展;且相较于补贴,环境保护税这一负激励的推动作用更强。蓝碳现货价格越高,渔企采取海洋牧场模式的意愿越高,但对第三方服务机构开展蓝碳质押信贷业务的意愿产生倒“V”型影响,即先促进后抑制。(3)在间接实现机制中,信贷风险越低,质押率越高,就越有利于推动海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场的有序发展;而守信奖励、违约金等信贷奖惩措施应适中,过高或过低均不利于实现海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场的良性发展。以上结论对完善中国海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制提供了重要的科学依据。

Marine ranch is an important measure to promote the transformation and upgrading of marine fisheries and the construction of marine ecological civilization.The product value realization mechanism of its blue carbon sink is the key link to transform“green water and green mountains”into“golden mountains and silver mountains”.However,problems such as lack of multi-stakeholder participation,insufficient return of ecological value enhancement,and deviation of intertemporal value transformation seriously restrict the sustainable operation of the value realization mechanism of marine ranch blue carbon sink ecological products in China.In view of these,this study designed a product value realization mechanism of marine ranch blue carbon sink,which covers multiple heterogeneous subjects including the government,fishery enterprises,carbon trading centers,banks,and third-party service institutions using various tools of blue carbon sink trading and blue carbon sink pledge credit.The current income and future income can be converted in this mechanism and fishery enterprises’time preference is also taken into account.The conclusions are as follows.The time preference of fishery enterprises has an effect on the marketization of the value realization mechanism of marine ranch blue carbon sink,and it has the most significant impact on the strategy choice of fishery enterprises,followed by the third-party service institutions and the government.In the direct realization mechanism,the higher the subsidy amount and environmental protection tax,the more conducive it is to promoting the development of marine ranching and its blue carbon sink market.Compared with subsidy,environmental protection tax is more powerful.The higher the blue carbon sink price the higher the fishing enterprises’willingness to adopt the marine ranching model,but it promotes first and then suppresses the willingness of third-party service institutions to carry out blue carbon pledge credit business.In the indirect realization mechanism,the lower the credit risk and the higher the pledge rate,the more conducive it is to promoting the orderly development of marine ranching and its blue carbon sink market.The credit incentives and liquidated damages should be moderate.Too high or too low credit incentives and liquidated damages are not conducive to the healthy development of marine ranching and its blue carbon sink market.