基于静地特性的GEO带目标混合函数型星历表征设计

Design of mixed functional ephemeris characterization for GEO ring target orbit based on static ground properties

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星带是一类独具高空战略地位的轨道资源.长期以来GEO带编目目标采用双行轨道根数(TLE)和简化常规/深空摄动4模型(SGP4/SDP4)进行通用轨道计算,但该解析算法存在外推精度受限、使用过程复杂、用户难以理解等缺点.本文针对GEO的静地特性,结合经典开普勒根数和多项式-傅里叶级数设计了混合函数型参数星历模型,可用于高精度数值积分轨道的12~24 h轨位拟合和多组星历参数的同步发布,用户计算模型简单.对三颗代表性GEO目标为期一年的星历参数拟合实验表明,1 d拟合均方根(RMS)均值优于20 m;当缩短拟合时长至12 h,拟合精度可优于0.15 m.可为我国空间目标编目库的分级管理提供参考.

The geostationary earth orbit(GEO)ring is a unique class of orbital resources with a strategic high altitude location. For a long time, the GEO ring cataloging target adopts two-line element and simplified general Perturbations-4 model TLE-SDP4 for generic orbit calculation, but this analytic algorithm has disadvantages such as limited extrapolation accuracy, complicated use process and difficult to understand by users. In this paper, we design a mixed functional parametric ephemeris model combining the classical Keplerian elements and polynomial-Fourier series for the GEO’s static ground characteristics, which can be used for 12~24 h orbit fitting and simultaneous release of parametric groups of high-precision numerical integration orbits, with a concise user calculation model. The 1-year ephemeris fitting experiments for three representative GEO targets show that the mean value of 1 day fitting root mean square(RMS)is better than 20 m. When the fitting length is shortened to 12 h, the fitting accuracy is better than 0.15 m. This can provide a reference for the hierarchical management of China’s space target cataloguing database.