湿热地区老年人公园热舒适的环境因素

Environment Factors to Park Thermal Comfort of the Elderly in Hot and Humid Areas

城市公园是老年人户外活动的主要场所,公园环境的热舒适与老年人身心健康息息相关。文章以湿热地区城市公园老年人为对象,针对休憩类活动场地进行热环境测量与问卷调查,探讨影响老年人夏季室外热舒适的公园环境因素。结果表明:(1)遮荫与水体对老年人室外热感觉影响较大,且利于维持微气候稳定性;(2)热参数水平接近时,降低太阳辐射仍可从心理上有效改善老年人“热感”,乔木比建筑遮荫更能减少太阳辐射、降低热中性PET值,提高热舒适性;(3)老年人在夏季喜欢“偏凉”的热环境,对风速需求强,对湿度的可接受度较高,水体是改善老年人热舒适的重要因素。基于研究结果,从选址规划、空间布局及环境要素3个方面提出城市公园环境设计启示,为湿热地区城市公园的热环境适老化提供借鉴。

Urban park is the place mainly used by the elderly for outdoor activities,and the thermal comfort of park environment is closely related to the physical and mental health of the elderly.In view of the elderly active in urban parks in hot and humid areas,the study conducts the thermal environment measurement and questionnaire survey to explore the park environmental factors affecting the outdoor thermal comfort of the elderly in summer.It is found that:(1)Water bodies and shading have a great influence on the outdoor thermal sensation of the elderly,and are conducive to maintaining the microclimate stability;(2)Even though the level of thermal parameters is close,reducing solar radiation can still improve the’thermal sensation of the elderly psychologically,and trees can reduce solar radiation and thermal neutral PET value,thus improving thermal comfort;and (3)The elderly prefer to the“cold”thermal environment in summer,and have strong demand for wind speed and high level of humidity acceptance.Therefore,water bodies is an important factor in terms of improving the thermal comfort of the elderly.Based on the results,this paper summarizes the enlightenment for urban park environmental design from the 3 aspects of site selection,spatial layout and environment factors,so as to provide references for the elderly-oriented thermal environment creation at urban parks in hot-humid areas.