马鞍山梅山采矿迹地景观重构的多维度实践途径

A Multi-dimensional Practical Approach to Landscape Reconstruction of Meishan Mining Site in Ma’anshan

为了避免单一机械的复绿,以资源化利用城市近郊的采矿迹地为目标导向,最大程度优化改善生活空间,在分析评价土地损毁状况的基础上,综合运用恢复生态学、风景园林学、工业遗产保护开发的方法,基于ArcGIS技术,根据马鞍山梅山的现状问题,采用AHP和加权叠加法对生态敏感性进行评价分析,寻求采矿后低效用地最优开发利用途径。结果表明:(1)对生态敏感性评价产生影响的因子从大到小为植被覆盖度因子>地形因子>土壤因子>水文因子>人工设施干扰因子。(2)中度及以上敏感区面积为16.56 hm^(2),占研究区总面积的48.75%;人类生产、生活行为直接影响现状生态环境。(3)马鞍山梅山采矿迹地可分为5类场景,综合运用3类景观重构方法(生态修复途径、防灾安全途径和景观资源化途径)实现资源化利用采矿迹地的目地。

In order to avoid the re-greening only by using machine,this study is targeted at the utilization of mining sites in the suburbs of the city as a resource for optimizing and improving the living space to the greatest extent.On the basis of the analysis and evaluation of land damage at Meishan Mountain in Ma’anshan,the study evaluates the ecological sensitivity using ArcGIS technology,AHP and weighted superposition method,which comprehensively combine restoration ecology,landscape architecture and industrial heritage protection and development.It is aimed at seeking the optimal development and utilization of low-efficiency land after mining.The results show that:(1)The factors influencing the ecological sensitivity assessment are ordered from the largest to the smallest as surface cover>terrain>soil>hydrology>artificial facility interference;(2)The moderate and above sensitive areas is 16.56 hm^(2),accounting for 48.75%of the total study area;human production and living behavior directly affect the current ecological environment;and(3)The Meishan mining site in Ma’anshan can be divided into 5 types of scenarios,and 3 types of landscape reconstruction methods(ecological restoration approach,disaster prevention approach and landscape resource approach)are comprehensively used to achieve the goal of taking the mining site as resources for utilization.