生物有机肥部分代替化肥对结球甘蓝养分吸收分配、品质和产量的影响

Effect of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers on nutrient utilization,quality and yield of cabbage

【目的】针对露地蔬菜生产中存在的化肥盲目过量施用,导致环境污染和结球甘蓝产量、品质下降的问题,设置不同施用量的生物有机肥部分替代化肥试验,以期减少化肥用量,提高结球甘蓝的品质,实现可持续生产。【方法】采用随机区组试验设计,分别设置不施肥(CK1)、当地100%化肥(CK2)、化肥减量30%+3000 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥(T_(1))、化肥减量30%+6000 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥(T_(2))、化肥减量30%+12000 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥(T_(3))5个处理,研究了化肥减量配施生物肥对结球甘蓝产量、经济效益、品质、养分分配和肥料利用率的影响。【结果】与CK2处理相比,春茬T_(2)处理甘蓝的经济产量提高了11.10%,经济效益增加了3583.1元/hm^(2)。T_(2)、T_(3)处理均降低了结球甘蓝中硝酸盐的含量,提高了可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、VC的含量。春茬试验中,T_(2)处理可溶性蛋白和VC含量最高,相比CK2分别显著提高了51.20%、17.20%;秋茬试验中,T_(3)处理的可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量最高,相比CK2分别显著提高了2.20%、4.40%。春茬试验中,T_(3)处理氮、磷、钾的肥料利用率,分别较CK2提高12.40%、1.91%、25.46%,且促进了结球甘蓝叶球对氮、磷、钾的吸收。T_(2)处理次之,较CK2其氮、磷、钾利用率分别提高了9.21%、1.22%和25.02%。【结论】化肥减量30%+6000 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥在减少化肥用量、提高结球甘蓝产量的同时,能够增加经济收益,改善甘蓝叶球的品质,提高肥料利用率。

【Objective】The excessive application of chemical fertilizer in open-field vegetable production leads to environmental pollution and the decline in cabbage yield and quality.In this study,the biological organic fertilizer with different proportion was applied to replace chemical fertilizer with the purpose of exploring effective ways to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the quality of cabbage and achieve sustainable production.【Method】Five fertilizing treatments,i.e.,no fertilizer(CK1),local 100%chemical fertilizer(CK2),30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+3000 kg/hm^(2) biological organic fertilizer(T_(1)),30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+6000 kg/hm^(2) biological organic fertilizer(T_(2)),30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+12000 kg/hm^(2) biological organic fertilizer(T_(3)),were performed on the basis of randomized block design to study the effect of reducing chemical fertilization and simultaneously applying biological fertilizer on the production,economic performance,quality,nutrient distribution and fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage.【Result】Compared with CK2treatment,the economic yield of cabbage treated with T_(2)increased by 11.10%and the economic benefit increased by 3583.1 yuan/hm^(2) in spring cultivation.T_(2)and T_(3)treatments decreased the content of nitrate in heading cabbage and increased the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,and VC.In the spring experiment,the content of soluble protein and vitamin C in T_(2)treatment was the highest,which was significantly increased by 51.20%and 17.20%when compared with CK2;In the autumn experiment,the content of soluble protein and VC in T_(3)treatment was the highest,which was significantly increased by 2.2%and 4.40%when compared with CK2.In the experiment of spring,the fertilizer utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treated by T_(3)increased by 12.40%、1.91%、25.46%respectively compared with CK2,and promoted the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by heading cabbage leaves.The utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of T_(2)treatment increased by 9.21%,1.22%and 25.02%when compared with CK2.【Conclusion】The results showed that 30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+6000 kg/hm^(2) bio-organic fertilizer could not only reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the yield and quality of cabbage,but also could increase economic benefit and the utilization rate of fertilizer.