关于泊位通过能力失真的原因剖析及合理评估泊位服务水平的建议

Distortion causes of berth passing capacity and suggestions on reasonable evaluation of berth service level

沿海港口是我国交通市场化程度最高的领域,码头能力水平与市场经济运行息息相关。目前,沿海港口部分泊位实际完成货物吞吐量远超泊位通过能力统计值,呈现“超负荷”运行现象,一方面反映出现行能力统计方式的不适应性;另一方面“超负荷”运行是否带来生产安全问题也值得关注。立足保障重要战略物资海运供应链稳定、安全,支撑打造大宗货物战略储备基地,提升民生物资应急调配能力等要求,详细梳理了泊位通过能力的规范设计算法和现行统计规则,针对“超负荷”运行现象,重点分析泊位通过能力统计失真的原因等,提出了利用“泊位利用率”指标表征泊位能力的建议。为合理认识和研判码头通过能力,把握我国沿海港口实时发展、真实动态,实现合理决策、科学管理提供技术参考。

Coastal ports are the transportation field with the highest degree of marketization in China,and the port capacity level is closely related to the operation of the market economy.At present,the actual cargo throughput of some berths in coastal ports far exceeds the statistical value of berth passing capacity,presenting the phenomenon of“overload”operation.It reflects the inadaptability of the existing statistical method of berth capacity.It is also worth noting whether the“overload”operation would bring production safety problems.Given the requirements of ensuring the stability and safety of the shipping supply chain of important strategic materials,supporting the construction of strategic reserve bases for bulk cargoes,and improving the emergency deployment capacity of civilian materials,this paper combs through the normative design algorithms and current statistical rules for berth passing capacity in detail.Regarding the“overload”operation phenomenon of berths,this study mainly analyzes the reasons for the statistical distortion of berth passing capacity and suggests using the“berth utilization rate”index to characterize the berth capacity.The research provides a technical reference for reasonably understanding and judging the wharf passing capacity,grasping the real-time development and real dynamics of coastal ports in China,and realizing reasonable decision-making and scientific management.