从比较优势到竞争优势:国际分工与贸易研究综述

From Comparative Advantages to Competitive Advantages:A Review of International Labor Division and Trade Theory

要素的全球化流动为发展中国家后发企业嵌入全球价值链提供了契机,比较优势和竞争优势决定了企业的价值链地位。从比较优势理论、竞争优势理论及其相互关系三个方面对现有文献进行梳理,阐述比较优势和竞争优势理论的观点、贡献和不足,认为比较优势和竞争优势不是替代关系,而是互补关系,并且国际分工与贸易理论研究经历了从比较优势到竞争优势的逐渐融合。

The global flow of production factors has provided an opportunity for latecomer firms in developing countries to embed in the global value chain,and comparative advantages and competitive advantages determine the position of enterprises in the value chain. The article analyzes the existing literature from three aspects:comparative advantage theory,competitive advantage theory and their mutual relations to expound the theoretical viewpoints,contributions and shortcomings. It is concluded that the comparative advantages and the competitive advantages are not alternative but complementary,and the research on international division of labor and trade theory has experienced a gradual integration from comparative advantages to competitive advantages.