从柏拉图的文艺价值观看诺贝尔文学奖评奖标准

Viewing the Evaluation Criteria of the Nobel Prize in Literature from the Perspective of Plato’s Literary and Artistic Value

从“理想”一词的乌托邦意义上看,大致可以追溯到柏拉图的《理想国》。柏拉图为理想中的文学设立了三个标准:从文艺与描写对象关系的角度,柏拉图确立了“真”的标准;从文艺与读者世界关系的角度,柏拉图确立了“善”的标准;从文艺创作与作者能动性的关系上,柏拉图确立了“美”的标准。通过对柏拉图文艺价值观的辩证剖析,意在给理解诺奖的标准提供新的向度:个体的精神寓所、人类声音的传声筒、想象力的集合。

From the utopian meaning of the word“ideal”,it can be roughly traced back to Plato’s“Utopian State”.Plato established three standards for ideal literature:from the perspective of the relationship between literature and art and the object of description,Plato established the standard of“true”;from the perspective of the relationship between literature and the reader’s world,Plato established the standard of“goodness”;from the relationship between literary creation and the author’s initiative,Plato established the standard of“beauty”.Through the dialectical analysis of Plato’s literary and artistic values,the article intends to provide a new dimension for understanding the standards of the Nobel Prize:individual spiritual residence;megaphone of the human voice;collection of imagination.