高密度建成环境鸟鸣声的感知评估与优化提升研究——以重庆市南岸区为例

Research on Perception Evaluation and Optimization of Bird Sound in High Density Built Environment:Taking Nan’an District of Chongqing as an Example

高密度建成环境内自然式鸟鸣声感知特征与城市空间建设运营、鸟类活动行为以及居民感知状况密切相关,是衡量城市空间品质优劣程度、环境适宜性特征以及生态可持续性的关键。通过解析高密度建成环境内鸟鸣声感知的影响因素,构建影响鸟鸣声感知的自然式和人工式影响因子评估体系,识别重庆市南岸区高密度建设空间,结合城市活力特征对比分析城市居民鸟鸣声感知现状和需求意向,针对高密度建成环境内承载鸟类活动的公园绿地、防护绿地、广场绿地和附属绿地4类绿色空间,解析自然式和人工式影响因素与鸟鸣声感知现状的相关性特征。研究发现高密度建成环境内鸟鸣声感知呈现出“听者—环境—感知”复杂的互动关系,区位、外部环境和内部生态特征对鸟鸣声感知产生复杂的影响,生态特征愈优的城市空间,其鸟鸣声感知愈强,人类干扰越高的城市空间呈现对鸟鸣声感知的需求洼地。匹配高密度建成环境内居民鸟鸣声感知需求和建设开发现状,提出提高生态基底质量和降低人类干扰的合理管控和建设引导,并形成“增量—连廊—通源”“提质—优植—共营”“降扰—弱噪—增感”的优化提升路径。

The perception characteristics of natural birdsong in high-density built environments are closely related to the construction characteristics,bird activities,and residents’perceptions.They are the key to measuring the quality of urban space,the aspects of environmental suitability,and ecological sustainability.The study builds a natural and artificial impact factor evaluation system that affects birdsong perception by analyzing the influencing factors of birdsong perception in a high-density built environment.Taking the high-density construction space in the Nan’an District of Chongqing as the research object,the study compares and analyzes the relationship between urban vitality characteristics and urban residents’birdsong perception status and intended needs.Aiming green park space,protective green space,square green space,and affiliated green space are four kinds of green spaces carrying bird activities.The correlation characteristics between natural and artificial influencing factors and the current situation of bird song perception are analyzed.We found that birdsong perception in the high-density built environment presents a complex interaction of“Listener-Environment-Perception.”Location,external environment,and internal ecological characteristics impact birdsong perception.The better the environmental characteristics are,the stronger the birdsong perception is.The higher the human interference is,the higher the demand for birdsong perception is,but the perception is weak.Given the residents’birdsong perception needs and the current situation of construction and development,it is proposed to reasonably control and guide the structure of the high-density built environment from the two aspects of improving the quality of the ecological base and reducing human interference and form an optimized improvement path of“Increase quantity-Connecting corridor-Connect the ecological source”“Quality improvement-Optimize vegetation-Co-construction”“Reduce interference-Reduce noise-Enhance perception”.