三角梅种质自然结实性及种子萌发特性

Fruiting-and Seed-germination Characteristics of Bougainvillea Comm. Ex Juss.

本研究对位于海南儋州资源圃内的54份三角梅种质,在自然授粉条件下的结实及种子萌发情况进行调查研究和统计分析。结果表明:(1)总体上三角梅自发结实率很低,但不同种质结实性存在较大差异,其中二倍体光叶三角梅遗传背景的品种相对高,筛选出结实量最大的Ⅰ级品种‘FormS1A’1个、Ⅱ级品种‘Sanderiana’等5个;(2)三角梅的自然结实率在不同季度内存在显著性差异,第一季度结实率最高,为授粉最佳时期;(3)三角梅种子萌发率较高,可达82.70%~91.76%,但自然授粉的种子后代存在9.10%~30.47%的白化苗;(4)三角梅种子可常温储藏至1年,但3个月后发芽率显著降低。研究结果为开展三角梅的实生选育和杂交育种,尤其在优化育种技术及利用遗传材料方面,提供了参考信息。

In this study, 54 Bougainvillea germplasms grown in Danzhou Hainan were investigated and statistically analyzed for the characters of fruiting and seed germination under natural pollination conditions. The results showed that:(1) In general, the spontaneous fruiting rate of Bougainvillea was very low, but there were great differences among germplasms. The diploid germplasm of B. glabra had a higher fruiting rate. 1I class cultivar’FormS1A’ and 5 Ⅱ class varieties(’Sanderiana’, etc.), were identified with the higher seed yield.(2) The natural fruiting rate of Bougainvillea varies significantly in different seasons, and is highest in first quarter, which is suitable. for pollination;(3) The germination rate of Bougainvillea was high, up to 82.70%~91.76%, but 9.10%~30.47% are albino seedlings in the progeny of naturally pollinated seeds;(4) Bougainvillea seeds could be stored at room temperature for 1 year, but the germination rate decreased significantly after 3 months. The above results provide reference information for carrying out seed selection and cross-breeding of Bougainvillea, especially in optimizing breeding technology and utilizing genetic materials.