首发精神分裂症患者营养状况调查及影响因素研究

Investigation of nutrition status and its influencing factors in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

目的 调查首发精神分裂症患者的营养不良状况,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用单纯随机抽样法,选取2020年1月至2022年6月于武汉市精神专科联盟机构入院的450例首发精神分裂症患者为研究对象。入院后收集患者的一般资料,根据欧洲营养不良风险筛查2002标准将首发精神分裂症患者分为营养不良组和营养正常组。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响首发精神分裂症患者营养不良的因素。结果 450例首发精神分裂症患者中,营养不良患者占19.11%(86/450)。单因素分析结果显示,两组患者年龄、体重指数、有无配偶、是否合并骨质疏松症和是否拒食比较,差异有统计学意义(t/χ^(2)=5.066、9.608、5.399、4.712、11.102;P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄大(OR=1.446,95%CI=1.148~1.823)和拒食(OR=4.306,95%CI=1.865~9.944)是首发精神分裂症患者营养不良的危险因素(P<0.01),而体重指数高(OR=0.871,95%CI=0.782~0.871)是患者营养不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 首发精神分裂症患者营养不良发生率较高,年龄大、拒食是营养不良的危险因素,而体重指数高则是营养不良的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the malnutrition status and its influencing factors in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods A total of 450 first-episode schizophrenics admitted to the Wuhan Regional Psychiatric Union from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected by simple random sampling method.The general data of patients were collected after admission.According to the criteria of Nutrition Risk Screening 2002,first-episode schizophrenics were divided into malnutrition group and normal nutrition group.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting malnutrition in firstepisode schizophrenics.Results Of the 450 first-episode schizophrenics,malnutrition accounted for 19.11%(86/450).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,body mass index,spouse,osteoporosis and food refusal(t/χ^(2)=5.066,9.608,5.399,4.712,11.102;P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age(OR=1.446,95%CI:1.148-1.823) and food refusal(OR=4.306,95%CI:1.865-9.944) were risk factors of malnutrition(P<0.01),while high BMI(OR=0.871,95%CI:0.782-0.871) was an protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition is high in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Advanced age and food refusal are risk factors of malnutrition,while high BMI is a protective factor.