抑郁和社会支持在留守青少年网络成瘾与自伤之间的作用研究

Study on the role of depression and social support between internet addiction and self-injury among left-behind adolescents

目的 探讨抑郁在留守青少年网络成瘾与自伤之间的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用。方法 采用分层整群抽样法,于2019年9—12月在重庆市某县8所乡镇初级中学选取1 945名留守学生作为研究对象。采用中学生网络成瘾诊断量表、自伤行为评定问卷、中文版患者健康问卷抑郁量表和青少年社会支持量表对其进行在线问卷调查。采用Pearson相关、点二列相关分析留守青少年网络成瘾与抑郁、社会支持、自伤的相关性。采用PROCESS V4.0插件分析抑郁在留守青少年网络成瘾与自伤之间的中介效应和社会支持的调节效应。结果 留守青少年自伤行为检出率为31.8%(619/1 945)。按照是否有自伤行为分为自伤组(n=619)及非自伤组(n=1 326)。两组留守青少年的家庭居住地比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.153,P<0.05)。相关分析显示,留守青少年网络成瘾与抑郁、自伤呈正相关,与社会支持呈负相关,抑郁与自伤呈正相关(r=0.314、0.307、-0.203、0.371;P<0.01)。中介效应分析显示,抑郁在留守青少年网络成瘾与自伤行为间起部分中介作用,标准化的中介效应值为0.11,占总效应的31.4%。调节效应分析显示,网络成瘾与抑郁的关系受社会支持的调节(β=-0.162,P<0.01)。结论 留守青少年网络成瘾与自伤行为之间存在有调节的中介效应,抑郁是两者关系的中介变量,社会支持缓冲了网络成瘾对抑郁的影响,表现为社会支持水平越高,网络成瘾对抑郁的影响越弱。

Objective To explore the mediating role of depression between internat addiction and selfinjury among left-behind adolescents and the regulatory role of social support.Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method,1 945 left-behind students were selected from 8 township junior high schools in a county of Chongqing from September to December 2019 as the research objects.The online questionnaire survey was conducted with the Diagnostic Scale of Internet Addiction for Middle School Students,Self-Injury Scale,Patients’ Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 Item and Adolescent Social Support Rating Scale.Pearson correlation and point two column correlation were used to analyze the correlation between internet addiction and depression,social support and self-injury among left-behind adolescents.PROCESS V4.0 was applied to analyze the mediation effect of depression between internet addiction and self-injury among left-behind adolescents and the regulatory effect of social support.Results The detection rate of self-injury among left-behind adolescents was 31.8%(619/1 945).They were divided into self-injury group(n=619) and non-self-injury group(n=1 326) according to whether they have self-injury behavior.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of left-behind adolescents (χ^(2)=4.153,P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that internet addiction was positively correlated with depression and self-injury,and negatively correlated with social support;depression was positively correlated with self-injury(r=0.314,0.307,-0.203,0.371;P < 0.01).Mediating effect analysis showed that depression played a partially mediating role between internet addiction and selfinjury.The standardized mediating effect of depression was 0.11,which accounted for 31.4% of the total effect.Moderating effect analysis showed that the relationship between internet addiction and depression was moderated by social support(β=-0.162,P< 0.01).Conclusions There is a mediating effect between internet addiction and self-injury among left-behind adolescents.Depression is the intermediary variable of the relationship between the two.Social support buffered the impact of internet addiction on depression.The higher the level of social support,the weaker the impact of internet addiction on depression.