基于气候嵌入性的浙南传统民居被动式营建智慧研究——以百山祖国家公园周边村落为例

Research on Passive Construction Wisdom of Traditional Dwellings in Southern Zhejiang based on Climate Embeddedness:Taking the Surrounding Villages of Baishanzu National Park as an Example

丽水地区地形复杂,资源丰富,气候特殊,其传统夯土民居在长期营建过程中形成了因地制宜的生态策略。文章以百山祖国家公园周边的18个村落为例,从气候嵌入性理论视角,通过气候分析软件与田野调查相结合的方法,提取浙南传统夯土民居的被动式营建智慧。研究发现,当地传统夯土民居在长期的自发式营建过程中,形成了适宜的被动式策略以改善居住热环境;这些策略与软件分析结果相吻合,表明了传统的营建智慧是对地理、气候的综合性应答。

Lishui Area has complex terrain, rich resources and special climate. Its traditional rammed earth dwellings adopt a lot of passive strategies in the construction process, and the construction form of upper wooden eaves corridor on the lower rammed earth is the most typical. This paper takes 18 villages around Baishanzu National Park as an example, through the combination of climate analysis software and field investigation, from the theoretical perspective of climate embeddedness, selects typical dwelling types, and extracts the passive construction wisdom of traditional rammed earth dwellings in southern Zhejiang. The study finds that during the spontaneous construction of local traditional rammed earth dwellings,based on climate adaptation, a large number of traditional passive strategies are used to improve the residential thermal environment. These strategies are consistent with the previous software analysis results, which shows that the local traditional construction wisdom is a comprehensive response to geography and climate.