阴离子型抗静电剂的合成及其性能

Synthesis of the anionic antistatic agent and its property research

为丰富高分子抗静电剂的组成并探讨其在涤纶材料上的应用,选用多种功能单体合成了非离子和阴离子型两类抗静电剂,并将其与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片熔融共混制备了抗静电PET注塑样品,表征了非离子型抗静电剂的热学以及抗静电性能,重点考察了阴离子型抗静电剂中的磺酸盐组分对抗静电剂的热学性能、抗静电性能的影响以及阴离子型抗静电剂质量分数对PET基体的抗静电性能、表面亲水性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:非离子以及阴离子型抗静电剂具有较好的热稳定性;阴离子型抗静电剂的抗静电效果优于非离子型抗静电剂,当添加的磺酸盐摩尔分数为14%时,阴离子型抗静电剂的抗静电效果相对最优;当阴离子型抗静电剂质量分数达到20%时,PET注塑样品的表面电阻率下降了4个数量级,表面接触角下降了50.81%,其抗静电性能以及表面亲水性能得到显著提高,但力学性能有所下降。

Most polymer materials are insulating materials with poor moisture absorption and high specific resistance and are easy to generate and accumulate static electricity on the surface of materials through friction, drawing, compression, stripping, electric field induction and hot air drying. The accumulation of electrostatic on polymer materials is easy to cause adverse phenomena such as electrostatic vacuuming and electrostatic discharge, which will hinder the normal process of production and processing, reduce production efficiency and affect product quality. It might even spark. In the environment with inflammable and explosive materials, there are hidden dangers of fire or explosion and other dangerous accidents, which makes the application of most polymer materials limited in the electronic industry, petroleum industry, chemical industry, aerospace industry, weapons industry and other industries with certain requirements for electrostatic protection. In addition, when the static voltage on the material exceeds three kilovolts, static electricity will cause discomfort to the human body. If the human body is in an electrostatic environment for a long time, the pH value of the blood will rise, the concentration of blood sugar will increase, and the content of calcium and vitamin C will decrease, which will harm human health. The addition of antistatic agent is a simple and effective way to eliminate static electricity and solve the above problems. Compared with the traditional small molecule antistatic agent, the polymer antistatic agent has the characteristics of stable and lasting antistatic effect, which is the research hotspot in the field of antistatic agent at present.In order to enrich the categories of polymer antistatic agents and explore their application in polyester materials, nonionic and anionic antistatic agents were synthesized from various functional monomers and were used to prepare antistatic PET injection samples together with polyethylene terephthalate(PET) chips by metl blending. The thermal and antistatic properties of nonionic antistatic agents were characterized. The effects of sulfonate in anionic antistatic agents on the thermal and antistatic properties of antistatic agents, and the effects of the mass fraction of anionic antistatic agents on the antistatic properties, surface hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of PET matrix were mainly investigated. The research results show that nonionic and anionic antistatic agents have good thermal stability. The antistatic effect of the anionic antistatic agent is superior to that of the nonionic antistatic agent. The antistatic effect of the anionic antistatic agent is the optimal when the mole fraction of sulfonate is 14%. When the mass fraction of anionic antistatic agent reaches 20%, the surface resistivity of PET injection molded samples decreases by four orders of magnitude, and the surface contact angle decreases by 50.81%. The antistatic property and surface hydrophilicity are significantly improved, but the mechanical property is decreased.The synthesis of the polymer antistatic agent and its application on polyester materials are helpful to improve the added value of polyester products and broaden the application field. It also provides research support for structure design of polymer antistatic agents and product development of antistatic polyester materials in the future.