多维视角下的中国古代社会“礼法共治”模式

The Model of Co-governance by Ritual and Law in Ancient China from a Multi-dimensional Perspective

中国古代国家和社会治理一直实行“礼法共治”,与西欧及其他许多地区的“教法共治”形成鲜明对照。唐以后六部的位次、古代各朝正史中“礼”“刑”类“书”“志”的次序、比例等,都是中国古代重“礼治”的表征。中国古代“礼法共治”思想的形成,与小农经济占主导地位、大一统政治体制建立、宗教的社会功能偏弱、信奉人性善理论等有关。挖掘中国古代“礼法共治”模式中的合理成分,有助于在当代国家和社会治理中加强个人心灵自治、家庭自治、地方自治、社会自治的功能,完善国家和社会治理体系,促进社会和谐发展。

The co-governance by ritual and law had always been practiced in ancient China,which is in sharp contrast to the co-governance by religion and law in Western Europe and many other regions.The ranking of the six ministries since the Tang Dynasty,the order and proportion of shu(书)and zhi(志)belonging to categories of ritual and punishment in the official histories of various dynasties,etc.,are all manifestations of the emphasis on rituals in ancient China.The formation of the idea of co-governance by ritual and law in ancient China is related to the small-scale peasant economy,the unified political system,the weak religious function,and the belief in the theory of good nature.Exploring the reasonable components in the model of co-governance by ritual and law will help to strengthen the functions of individual spiritual autonomy,family autonomy,local autonomy,and social autonomy in contemporary state and social governance,improve the state and social governance system,and promote harmonious development of society.