论“生态儒学”及其理论与现实意义

On the Theory and Practical Significances of Ecological Confucianism

儒家哲学本质上是生态哲学,“生态儒学”概念可以成立。儒家把自然分为动物、植物、土地、山川四种对象,从宗教、道德、政治法律三个维度对这些对象提出生态性质的认识和对待措施。生态儒学有一个由气、通、和、生、时、道、仁等概念构成的范畴体系,有一个由生态本体论、生态功夫论、生态境界论构成的生态观,有一个具有内在逻辑联系的发展史。儒家哲学主张的心灵和谐、人际和谐、社会和谐、国际和谐,都以人与自然和谐为基础。生态儒学不仅可以推进对于儒家哲学以至于中国哲学的理解,也有助于推进对于哲学本身的突破,促使我们重新认识“主体”“客体”概念,重建主客关系理论,由此对世界哲学进行第二次启蒙。

Confucian philosophy is essentially ecological philosophy,therefore the concept of“ecological Confucianism”is valid.Ecological Confucianism demonstrates ecological understanding and proposes treatment measures for the four main categories of nature(i.e.animals,plants,land,mountains/rivers)from the dimensions of religion,morality,politics and law.Ecological Confucianism has a category system composed of vital concepts such as qi,connect/communications(tong),harmony(he),life/living(sheng),time,Dao,and benevolence(ren).Its ecological views are represented in theories of ecological ontology,ecological practice(gongfu)theory,ecological realm theory,which form the basis of a“history of Confucian ecological philosophy”with internal logic connections.The advocacies of Confucian philosophy-such as the harmony of mind,interpersonal relations,social harmony,and harmony between different nations-have common roots in the harmony between man and nature.Ecological Confucianism is helpful not only in better understanding Confucian philosophy and even Chinese philosophy,but also in promoting breakthroughs in philosophical studies,as it prompts us to re-recognize the concepts of“subject”and“object”.As the theory of subject-object relationship is reconstructed,it also provides a second enlightenment to the world philosophy.