稀土在铁素体不锈钢中的研究现状及发展前景

Research status and development prospect of rare earth in ferritic stainless steels

铁素体不锈钢具有“节镍资源型”特性及优良的综合性能,被广泛应用于轨道运输、汽车、家电和厨具等行业中。稀土作为战略性资源在不锈钢中的应用已有多年,国内外学者在这方面做了大量研究。归纳和总结了稀土对铁素体不锈钢组织和性能等方面的影响,并对其在钢中的作用机制和影响机制进行了简要分析。大量研究表明,稀土能将钢中不规则状且电子功函数较小的Al_(2)O_(3)、MnS夹杂改性为电子功函数较大的球状稀土复合夹杂;此外,稀土能降低钢中晶粒尺寸,净化其晶界,对钢的凝固组织、退火组织等金相组织起到明显的细化作用,提高其耐蚀性能和力学性能。最后展望了稀土在不锈钢中的发展前景。

Ferritic stainless steel has the characteristics of "nickel saving resource" and excellent comprehensive properties. It is widely used in rail transportation, automobile, household appliances, Kitchenware and other industries. Rare earth has been used in stainless steel as a strategic resource for many years, and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research in this field. The effects of rare earth on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel were summarized, and its action mechanism and influence mechanism in steel were briefly analyzed. A large number of studies show that rare earth can change the irregular Al_(2)O_(3) and MnS inclusions with small electronic work function into spherical rare earth composite inclusions with large electronic work function;in addition, rare earth can reduce the grain size in the steel, purify its grain boundary, refine the solidification structure, annealing structure and other metallographic structures of the steel, and improve its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Finally, the development prospect of rare earth in stainless steel was prospected.