“基本权利与私法”在中国

“Fundamental Rights and Private Law”in China

“基本权利与私法”议题在我国的发展以齐玉苓案为关键节点,但相关研究是以两条线索为背景的。其一,“私法宪法化”在世界范围内的勃兴。这为中国学界提供了知识资源与参照素材;其二,1980年代以来对宪法司法适用的认识和探索。其中“宪法具有直接的法律效力”和“宪法需要由人民实施”等观念可能直接影响了齐玉苓案批复的作出。以齐玉苓案、“宪法司法化”、民法典编纂等议题为焦点,学者在借鉴域外经验的基础上对基本权利进入私法的方式与范围进行了探讨。学者还对该领域内的具体问题展开了研究,包括基本权利如何影响民事行为的效力,以及人格权、平等权、言论自由、个人信息受保护权等各项基本权利的私法效力等。在新时代推进宪法全面实施的背景下,“基本权利与私法”在实践和学理上,仍然是颇具潜力的领域。

The case of Qi Yuling is a crucial juncture of the study of“fundamental rights and private law”in China,yet relevant research is based on two clues as the background.The first is that the increasing interest in“constitutionalisation of private law”worldwide provides knowledge resources and reference materials for scholars in China;the second is the understanding and exploration of the judicial application of the Constitution since the 1980s.Among them,such concepts as“the Constitution has direct legal effect”and“the Constitution needs to be implemented by the people”could have directly affected the approval of the case of Qi Yuling.Focusing on such topics as the case of Qi Yuling,judicial enforcement of the Constitution,and the compilation of the Civil Code,scholars discussed the ways and scope for including fundamental rights in private law on the basis of their experience abroad.They have also looked into specific issues in the field,covering how fundamental rights affect the effectiveness of civil acts and the private law effects of fundamental rights like the rights to dignity,equality,freedom of speech,and protection of personal information.In the context of promoting the full implementation of the Constitution in the new era,“fundamental rights and private law”is still a field with great potential in both practice and theory.