破解工作时间法律规制的“时代之问”:西方经验与中国方案

On Answ ering the Question Related to the Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the New Era:Western Experience and Chinese Approach

弹性化工时在世界范围内的流行,使减少工时的历史趋势放缓,甚至出现倒退的迹象。能否以及如何引导工时弹性化的当今社会重新回归减少工时的历史轨道,提升工作时间的质量,促使传统的标准工时时代向工时弹性化时代平稳过渡,成为工作时间法律规制的“时代之问”。对此,西方国家虽然提出了新的规制理念,展开了各具特色的立法实践,但法律规制能力的局限使其一直回避提出一揽子制度解决方案。中国工时法律规制的能力优势,是在中国共产党领导中国工时立法的百年历程中逐步形成的。这一优势使我们能够突破西方局限,从限制延长工作时间、提升弹性工时质量、优化工时多元化规制体系功能等三个方面,提出破解工作时间法律规制“时代之问”的中国方案。

The popularity of flexible working hours around the world has slowed down the historical trend of reducing working hours.It even shows signs of regression.Whether and how to guide the current society with flexible working hours to return to the historical track of reducing working hours,improve the quality of working hours,and promote a smooth transition from the era of traditional standard working hours to the era of flexible working hours has become a question related to the legal regulation of working hours in the new era.In this regard,although Western countries have proposed new regulatory concepts and carried out legislative practices with distinctive characteristics,the limitations of legal regulation capabilities have prevented them from proposing a package of institutional solutions.The advantage of China in the ability of legal regulation of working hours has been gradually formed in the legislation on working hours under the leadership of the CPC in the past century.It enables China to break through the limitations of the West and propose a Chinese approach to answer the question of the legal regulation of working hours in the new era from three aspects:limiting the extension of working hours,improving the quality of flexible working hours,and optimizing the functions of the multi-functional regulatory system for working hours.