变异的颂声:庆历之际政治文化情境中的《庆历圣德颂》

Variation of Ode:The Ode of Imperial Virtue in Qingli Period in the Political Culture Context of Qingli Period

《庆历圣德颂》是北宋大儒石介作于庆历新政前夜的一篇大文字。由于它对石介本人及新政都产生过消极影响,故后人皆强调石介贬奸取祸,而忽略此颂以褒贤为主的本质。《庆历圣德颂》名为圣德颂实为名臣颂,采用合颂群臣的体制,是庆历之际声望政治在文本中的投射。石介借天子之口总结当代史,分别贤不肖和“庆历四谏”共同维系革新派的舆论战线。这反映了舆论对权力的干预。《庆历圣德颂》的群像结构也与石介的共同体意识有关。石介热衷描绘群像,期望以群体力量变革现实,同时也重视其中的领导者,善用“是是”型舆论书写敦促其有为。《庆历圣德颂》与他给富弼的书信相呼应,意在向明君贤臣施加舆论压力,督促他们致治太平。故石介在大功未成时作颂,是为达成多重舆论效应。

The Ode of Imperial Virtue in Qingli Period was an article written by Confucianist Shi Jie on the eve of the political reform in Qingli Period.Since it had a negative influence on Shi Jie and the political reform,later generations emphasized that Shi Jie got into trouble by censuring scoundrels,but ignoring the nature of this article which is praising merit.The title of The Ode of Imperial Virtue in Qingli Period is to praise the emperor’s virtue,while its essence is to praise scholar-official’s virtue.The way of praising a number of scholar-officials is the projection of prestige politics in the text during Qingli Period.Shi Jie used the emperor’s words to summarize the contemporary history,differentiate good and bad ones,and maintain the reformist public opinion front with“four remonstrating officials in Qingli period”.It reflected the intervention of public opinion on power.The group portrait of The Ode of Imperial Virtue in Qingli Period is also related to Shi Jie’s sense of community.Shi Jie is keen to depict group images,hoping to change reality with group power.At the same time,he also paid attention to the leaders and make good use of the“affirming of right things”type of writing of public opinion to urge them to do something.The Ode of Imperial Virtue in Qingli Period echoed his letter to Fu Bi,which is intended to exert public pressure on the emperor and scholar-officials,and urge them to create a peaceful and prosperous situation.Therefore,that Shi Jie made the praise before success was to achieve multiple effects of public opinion.