牛源停乳链球菌研究进展

Research progress on Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis

停乳链球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌之一,由其引发的奶牛乳房炎占总发病率的10%~50%。由于该菌具有传染性病原体和环境性病原体的双重特性,因此,该菌在奶牛乳房炎感染和传播过程中扮演着重要角色。牛源停乳链球菌的检测技术包括传统的生化鉴定和分子生物学技术,分子生物学技术包括PCR技术、16S rRNA基因序列测序、基因芯片、环介导恒温扩增法等,不同的检测方法均有其优缺点。牛源停乳链球菌致病性及致病机制与毒力基因相关,如黏附性基因、酶相关基因、生物膜相关基因等。停乳链球菌对常见的抗菌药耐药严重,且出现多重耐药性,耐药机制主要是停乳链球菌携带耐药基因所致。停乳链球菌疫苗有灭活疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、蛋白疫苗等,但仍处于研究阶段。本文对牛源停乳链球菌分离鉴定技术、致病性及致病机制、耐药性及耐药机制、疫苗研发等方面进行综述,以期为防控停乳链球菌引起的乳房炎提供指导。

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is one of the main pathogenic bacteria of cow mastitis,its incidence rate accounts for 10%-50%of the total incidence rate of cow mastitis.Since it has the dual characteristics of infectious pathogens and environmental pathogens,Streptococcus dysgalactiae play an important role in infection and transmission of dairy mastitis.The main inspection techniques of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from mastitis include biochemical identification and molecular biological identification.Molecular biological techniques include the following,PCR,16S rRNA gene amplification,gene chip and loop-mediated isothermal amplification.The different inspection techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages.The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from mastitis are closely related to virulence genes,such as adhesion genes,enzyme related genes,biofilm-related genes etc..It is severely resistant to general antibacterial agents,and even it has multiple resistance to antibiotics.The resistance mechanism is mainly caused by the resistance genes carried by Streptococcus dysgalactiae.The vaccines for Streptococcus dysgalactiae include inactivated vaccine,recombinant subunit vaccine,and protein vaccine,etc.,but they are still in the research stage.The isolation and identification technology,pathogenicity and pathogenesis,drug resistance and drug resistance mechanism,vaccine development and other aspects of Streptococcus dysgalactiae in mastitis were reviewed.It is expected to provide guidance for the prevention and control of mastitis caused by Streptococcus lactis and provide reference for further research.