古代青铜器锈层的结构特征与分类初探

Structural Characteristics and Classification of Patina on Ancient Bronzes

对近20年的青铜器锈层研究进行统计分析,古代锈层剖面样本依据其成分和结构可分为含氯锈层(TypeⅠ)、氧化锈层(TypeⅡ)、水合锈层(TypeⅢ)和富锡锈层(TypeⅣ)4种基本类型。在此基础上,将数量多且具有代表性的结构作为标准型,其余作为衍生型。锈层类型的多样性与环境中离子含量和扩散过程有关。环境中氯离子作用于金属基体的过程是影响氯化亚铜层形成的重要因素。环境中其他阴离子和氧气含量直接影响氧化产物及其次生腐蚀产物的生成和转化。在此过程中,离子的扩散过程直接控制腐蚀产物的沉积和分层,形成结构多变的锈蚀层。

Statistical analysis is carried out on the bronze rust layer research in the past 20 years,and according to their composition and structure,the ancient rust layer profile samples are divided into four basic types:chlorinecontaining rust layer(TypeⅠ),oxide rust layer(TypeⅡ),hydrated rust layer(TypeⅢ)and tin-rich rust layer(TypeⅣ).On this basis,a large number of representative rust layers are used as standard rust layers,and the rest are regarded as derived rust layers.The diversity of rust layer types is related to the ion content and diffusion process in the environment.The process of chloride ions acting on the metal matrix in the environment is an important factor affecting the formation of the cuprous chloride layer.The content of other anions and oxygen in the environment directly affects the generation and transformation of oxidation products and their secondary corrosion products.In this process,the diffusion process of ions directly controls the deposition and stratification of corrosion products,forming a rust layer with variable structure.