政府治理中公私法形式选择及其裁量

The Choice of Public and Private Forms of Law in Government Governance and Their Discretion

在现代政府治理实践中,政府越来越多地选择私法而非公法形式来完成行政任务,这就引发了公私法形式选择的问题。现实中,单一公法形式不能满足行政任务的多元化需求,这种矛盾催生了政府私法治理形式的分殊化。我国大量公私法实证规范都支持政府选择私法形式,这在公私法规范目标的共通性上也能得到证立。具体来说,政府治理中私法组织的形式选择可以分为任务型、形式型和功能型三种;私法手段的形式选择可以在给付行政、调控行政和干预行政三类领域中展开讨论。只要法律无相反规范,政府就可以在裁量空间限度内进行形式选择。为了作出适当决定,这一形式选择应当遵循合目的性、价值衡量、经济分析以及程序调控等裁量方法,未来对此应进一步探索建立相应的裁量基准。

In the era of governmental governance,administration increasingly chooses private law rather than public law forms to accomplish administrative tasks,which raises the issue of the choice of public and private law forms.In reality,a single form of public law cannot meet the needs of the plurality of administrative tasks,and this contradiction has given rise to the differentiation of governmental private law forms of governance.A large number of empirical norms of public and private law in China support the government’s choice of private law forms,which is also evidenced by the commonality of public and private law normative goals.Specifically,the choice of form of private law organization in government governance can be divided into three types:task-based,formal and functional;the choice of form of private law means can be discussed in three areas:administration of payment,administration of regulation and administration of intervention.As long as the law does not regulate to the contrary,the government can make a formal choice within the limits of discretionary space.In order to make appropriate decisions,this formal choice should be guided by the discretionary methods of purposefulness,value measurement,economic analysis,and procedural regulation,and the establishment of corresponding discretionary benchmarks should be further explored in the future.