大数据税收征管能抑制企业违规行为吗——基于“金税三期”的准自然实验分析

Can Big Data Tax Collection and Management Curb Corporate Violations?A Quasi-Natural Experiment Analysis Based on the “Third Phase of the Golden Tax Project”

企业违规行为是阻碍资本市场高质量发展的“绊脚石”,防范治理企业违规行为,对于营造良好的资本市场生态环境至关重要。大数据税收征管作为一种外部治理机制,其能否以及如何抑制企业违规行为是一个急需关注的问题。基于此,借助“金税三期”税务稽查系统改革作为准自然实验,以2009—2018年A股上市公司为样本,构建多期双重差分模型,考察了大数据税收征管对企业违规行为的影响。研究发现,大数据税收征管能显著抑制企业违规行为;大数据税收征管通过降低企业的代理成本、提高企业信息透明度,进而抑制企业违规行为;大数据税收征管对企业违规行为的抑制作用在法律制度环境较差地区、内部控制质量较低的企业中更为显著。因此,建议夯实大数据税收征管的数据基础,提高大数据税收征管的数据整合能力;完善企业内外部治理机制,提升大数据税收征管的精准治理作用;完善资本市场的信息披露机制和市场监管机制,提高企业违规行为成本。

Corporate violations are“ stumbling blocks” hindering the high-quality development of the capital markets.It is of vital importance to prevent and govern the corporate violations for the creation of favorable capital market ecological environment.As an external governance mechanism,whether and how big data tax collection and management can inhibit corporate violations is an issue that needs urgent attention.Based on this,with the help of“ Golden Tax Phase III” tax inspection system reform as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper takes the A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2018 as samples to construct a multi-period DID model and investigates the impact of big data tax collection and administration on corporate violations.The findings show that big data tax collection and management can significantly inhibit corporate violations.Big data tax collection and administration caninhibit the illegal behavior of enterprises through reducing the agency cost and improving the information transparency of enterprises.The inhibitory effect of big data tax collection and administration on corporate violations is more significant in the regions with poor legal system environment and in the enterprises with lower quality of internal control.Therefore,it is suggested to consolidate the data foundation of big data tax collection and management,improve the data integration ability of big data tax collection and administration,improve the internal and external governance mechanisms of enterprises,enhance the precise governance role of big data tax collection and administration,improve the information disclosure mechanism and the market supervision mechanism of the capital markets,and raise the costs of corporate violations.