民国时期私立大学对西方本科教学制度的移植与转化——以大夏大学导师制为例

Transplantation and Transformation of Western Undergraduate Teaching System by Private Universities in the Republic of China:A Case Study of the Tutorial System of the Great China University

20世纪20年代末,私立大夏大学为加强对学生的个别指导及密切师生关系,开始引入西方大学导师制。近20年的施行过程中,大夏大学将欧美导师制精髓与中国文教传统及学校自身特色有机结合,由此在文化内涵、制度建构、教育实践、学术研究等方面形成鲜明特色。大夏大学导师制作为民国时期私立大学引入和本土化改造西方本科教学制度的典型案例,不仅从一个侧面展现了近代中国高等教育移植与转化域外经验的发展历程,揭示其中蕴含的从传统到现代、由西化到中国化的演进规律,亦对当代中国大学本科生导师制的构建和完善兼有历史价值及现实启示。

In the late 1920s,the Great China University(private)began to introduce the tutorial system of Western universities to strengthen individual guidance for students and to get teachers and students more connected with each other.In the course of nearly 20 years of implementation,the Great China University incorporated the essence of the Western tutorial system with the cultural and educational traditions of China and its own characteristics,thus forming distinctive features in cultural connotation,system construction,educational practice and academic research.The tutorial system of the Great China University,as a classic case of the introduction and localization of the Western undergraduate teaching system by private universities in the Republic of China(1912-1949),not only shows the development process of modern higher education in China in transplanting and transforming overseas experience from one perspective,but also reveals the evolution law from tradition to modernity and from Westernization to Sinicization.It also has historical value and practical implication for the construction and improvement of the tutorial system of contemporary universities in China.