普惠性民办幼儿园的地方政策分析

Analysis of Local Policies on Inclusive Private Kindergartens

普惠性民办幼儿园是学前教育的重要组成部分,2010年至今,各级地方政府不断出台普惠性民办幼儿园的相关政策。采用内容分析法,对普惠性民办园的地方政策文件进行研究发现,各地方政府的政策主要是从其内涵规定、认定标准、管理监督、保障扶持四个维度进行规定。在内涵规定方面,各地政策更加关注“面向大众”“收费合理(适中)”“具有办园资质”“社会组织或个人举办”“非营利性”,西部地区与中东部地区相比更为注重普惠性民办幼儿园的非营利性;在认定标准方面,主要围绕符合“资质合格”“办园规范”“质量较高”规定;在保障扶持方面,主要使用生均经费补助和达到标准的一次性奖励两种方式,各地方政府普惠性民办幼儿园的生均经费补助差异较大;管理监督方面,中部地区的政策对普惠性民办幼儿园的管理监督规定较为详细。各地区普惠性民办幼儿园的实践都处于不断探索的过程中,还存在很多问题,所以各地应注意规范普惠性民办幼儿园政策在内涵规定、认定标准、管理监督、保障扶持等方面的具体规定和表述,政策应更为细化,在政府管理尤其是财政投入和监督方面应注重其可操作性,进一步加强各地政策调研,并根据调研情况对普惠性民办幼儿园相关政策进行调整,以增强政策的科学性和有效性。

Inclusive private kindergartens has been an important part of pre-school education.Since 2010,local governments at all levels have constantly introduce relevant policies for inclusive private kindergartens.This research adopts the content analysis method to analyze the local policy texts of inclusive private kindergartens.It is found that the policies of local governments are mainly defined from four dimensions of inclusive private kindergartens, i.e.the connotation, the identification standards, the management and supervision, and the guarantee and support.In terms of the connotation of inclusive private kindergarten, local policies pay more attention to "public oriented", "reasonable(moderate)charges", "qualified to run kindergartens", "running by social organizations or individuals",and "non-profit";the western region pays more attention to the non-profit of inclusive private kindergartens than the central and eastern regions;In terms of the identification standards, the local policies pay more attention to meets the conditions of "qualified", "conform to running specification",and "high quality";In terms of the guarantee and support, there are mainly two subsidy ways, namely, per student subsidy and one-time reward for meeting the standards, with a large difference in the way of per student subsidy for inclusive private kindergartens by local governments;In terms of the management and supervision, the central region′s policies provide more detailed regulations on the management and supervision of inclusive private kindergartens.In general, the local practice of inclusive private kindergartens is in continuous exploration.It should pay attention to the specific provisions and expressions of the local policies of inclusive private kindergartens in terms of connotation, recognition standards, management and supervision, and the guarantee and support.The policy should be more detailed, and the government management, especially financial investment and supervision, should pay attention to its operability.We should further strengthen the local policy research, and adjust the relevant policies of inclusive private kindergartens according to the research finding, so as to enhance the scientificity and effectiveness of the policies.