从精英化到普及化:新加坡推进高等教育入学公平的行动、原则与启示

From elitism to popularization:Singapore′s actions,principles and enlightenment on promoting equity in higher education enrollment

新加坡建国初期以精英管理为教育理念,后为解决社会和学术分层给社会带来的负面影响,新加坡逐渐通过增加大学数量、采取多元资助模式、修订高校招生录取标准、设置教育弹性分流渠道等途径,为更多学生提供了接受高等教育的机会。本研究探析新加坡推进高等教育入学公平的背后机理发现,其以平等、差异、补偿三大原则为行动依据。纵观新加坡推进高等教育入学公平的行动与原则,高等教育普及化阶段我国高校考试招生制度的改革可通过以下举措进行完善:政府应当主动“补位”,进一步推进高等教育公平;高校考试招生采用“多元录取”方式时更应关照公平;高校考试招生在关照选才适配性的同时应兼顾公平。

At the beginning of its founding,Singapore took elite management as its educational concept.Later,in order to solve the negative impact of social and academic stratification on society,Singapore gradually provided more students with opportunities to receive higher education through the actions of increasing the number of universities,increasing diversified funding for higher education,adding admission standards for colleges and universities,and adding flexible diversion channels for education.By analyzing the mechanism behind Singapore′s promotion of equity in higher education enrollment,we can analyze its three major principles,namely,the principle of equality,difference and compensation as the basis for action.Looking at Singapore′s actions and principles to promote equity in higher education enrollment,we can provide optimization suggestions for the reform of the college examination and enrollment system in China′s popularization stage:the government should take the initiative to"fill the vacancy"and further promote the equity of higher education;college examination and enrollment system pay more attention to equity when exploring"diversified enrollment"and"how to select appropriate talents".