影响荷斯坦母犊断奶平均日增重的因素分析

Analysis of Factors Affecting Average Daily Gain of Weaned Holstein Calves

为探究影响荷斯坦母犊断奶平均日增重的因素,利用一般线性模型对江苏某奶牛场2017-2019年7101条犊牛断奶重数据进行分析,探索母牛不同初产月龄、产犊季节、胎次以及初乳浓度对断奶犊牛平均日增重的影响。结果表明:母牛不同初产月龄、产犊季节、胎次、初乳浓度对断奶母犊平均日增重、初生重以及断奶重均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中母牛初产月龄为22月龄及以下时犊牛日增重最高,初产月龄为22~24月龄时断奶体重最高;母牛夏季产犊时犊牛日增重和断奶体重极显著高于其他产犊季节(P<0.01);4胎及以上母牛所产犊牛日增重极显著高于其他胎次(P<0.01);母牛初乳浓度Brix值大于等于30%时日增重极显著低于其它初乳浓度的犊牛(P<0.01);犊牛初生重为32~34 kg时日增重最高。该结果为牧场预测犊牛生长发育状态及饲养管理改进提供了参考。

In order to explore the factors affecting the average daily gain of weaning Holstein calves,the general linear model was used to analyze the weaning weight data of 7101 calves from 2017 to 2019 in a large cattle farm in Jiangsu province so as to explore the effects of different first birth age,calving season,parity,colostrum concentration and calf birth weight on the average daily weight gain of weaned calves.The results showed that different first birth age,calving season,parity and colostrum concentration had significant impact on the average daily gain,birth weight and weaning body weight of weaned calves(P<0.01),while the birth weight of calves had no significant effect on the average daily gain(P>0.05),but had significant impact on weaning body weight(P<0.01).Among them,the daily gain of calves was the highest when the first birth age was 22 months or less,and the weaning body weight was the highest when the first birth age was 22~24 months.The daily gain and weaning body weight of calves in summer were significantly higher than those in other calving seasons(P<0.01),and the daily gain of calves with 4 or more calves was significantly higher than that of other parities(P<0.01).The daily gain of calves with Brix concentration of colostrum greater than or equal to 30%was significantly lower than that of calves with other colostrum concentrations(P<0.0l),and the daily weight gain of calves was the highest when the birth weight of calves was 32~34 kg.The results provide reference for predicting the growth and development of calves and the improvement of feeding management in pastures.