荷斯坦牛与弗×荷F_(1)代牛血液生理生化及乳品质的比较研究

Comparative Study on Blood Physiology,Biochemistry and Milk Quality between Holstein and Fleckvieh×Holstein F1 Lactating Cow

为探究荷斯坦牛及弗莱维赫牛×荷斯坦牛杂交后代在血液生理生化及乳品质上的差异,选择48头1胎荷斯坦泌乳牛和27头1胎杂交F_(1)代泌乳牛进行乳品质分析;根据体况、泌乳天数相近的原则,从上述牛只中选择处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦牛和F_(1)代牛各8头,采集血液用于生理生化指标分析。结果表明:(1)F_(1)代牛血液TP、ALB、GLB、GLU、CHOL、NEFA、BHBA均高于荷斯坦牛,分别高10.91%、3.93%、17.86%、11.62%、2.05%、53.85%、1.92%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);F_(1)代牛血液A/G、BUN含量低于荷斯坦牛,分别低12.75%、1.46%,差异均不显著(P>0.05);F_(1)代牛血液INS、COR、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(3)/T_(4)均高于荷斯坦牛,分别高4.47%、102.98%、2.26%、3.98%、13.33%,差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明在血液生理生化方面,F_(1)代牛代谢能力及免疫力在一定程度上高于荷斯坦牛。(2)荷斯坦牛乳脂率为3.44%,乳蛋白率为3.36%,体细胞数为18.70×10^(4)/mL,尿素氮含量为13.03 mg/dL,F_(1)代牛乳脂率为3.49%,乳蛋白率为3.53%,体细胞数为13.69×10^(4)/mL,尿素氮含量为12.16 mg/dL。F_(1)代牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率较荷斯坦牛高1.45%、5.06%,体细胞数、尿素氮含量较荷斯坦牛低26.79%、6.68%,差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明F_(1)代牛乳品质优于荷斯坦牛。综上,在相同饲养条件下,与荷斯坦牛相比,弗莱维赫牛与荷斯坦牛的杂种后代在血液代谢、免疫及乳品质方面具有一定优势。

To explore the differences of blood physiology,biochemistry and milk quality between Holstein and Fleckvieh×Holstein cow,and to reveal the physiological mechanism of performance differences,48 first fetus Holstein lactating cows and 27 first fetus F_(1)lactating cows were selected for milk quality analysis.According to the principle of similar body condition and lactation days,eight Holstein cows and eight F_(1)cows in the middle lactation stage were selected from the above-mentioned cows for analysis of blood physiological and biochemical indexes.The results showed that:(1)the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,GLU,CHOL,NEFA and BHBA in F_(1)were 10.91%,3.93%,17.86%,11.62%,2.05%,53.85%,1.92% higher than those in Holstein respectively,but not significant(P>0.05);the contents of A/G and BUN in blood of F_(1)were lower than those of Holstein,which were 12.75% and 1.46% lower respectively(P>0.05),with insignificant difference;the contents of INS,COR,T_(3),T_(4) and T_(3)/T_(4) in F_(1)were 4.47%,102.98%,2.26%,3.98% and 13.33% higher than those of Holstein respectively(P>0.05),and the difference was not significant.The results showed that for blood physiology and biochemistry,the metabolic capacity and immunity of F_(1)were higher than that of Holstein to a certain extent.(2)The milk fat rate,milk protein rate,SCC and MUN content of Holstein were 3.44%,3.36%,187,000/mL and 13.03 mg/dL,respectively.The milk fat rate,milk protein rate,SCC and MUN of F_(1)cattle were 3.49%,3.53%,136900 mL and 12.16 mg/dL,respectively.The milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage of F_(1)were 1.45% and 5.06% higher than those of Holstein,while the SCC and MUN of F_(1)were 26.79% and 6.68% lower than those of Holstein(P>0.05).The results showed that the milk quality of F_(1) was better than Holstein to a certain extent.In conclusion,under the same feeding conditions,compared with Holstein,F_(1) has certain advantages in blood metabolism,immunity and milk quality.