宜昌方言BBA式形容词的理据探寻

A Study on the Motivation of BBA Adjective Pattern in Yichang Dialect

宜昌方言BBA式形容词极具地域特色,却少有人探讨其形成理据。通过词内理据分析,A是单音节性质形容词,并且具有易估量性和易感知性;绝大多数的B是半自由语素,意义较为实在,且可及性程度较高,B进入该式后需要变调。BB和A的凝合既与语法化有关,也与二者的语义相容有关,所提供信息的示证性程度在二者的结合中得以协调,最终构成偏正式和联合式两种格局。通过词外理据分析,可以得知BBA式的形成与人们的认知习惯、语用心理密不可分。宜昌方言BBA式形容词和ABB式形容词的相互转换也遵循着一定的理据,不能笼统地将BBA式视作ABB式的变体。

The BBA type adjectives in Yichang dialect have great regional characteristics,but few people have explored their forming reasons.Through the analysis of internal motivation,A is a monosyllabic adjective,which is easy to estimate and perceive;The vast majority of B is a semi free morpheme,which has a more substantial meaning and a higher degree of accessibility.After entering this form,B needs a change in its tone.The combination of BB and A is not only related to lexicalization,but also to their semantic compatibility.The evidentiality of the information provided is coordinated in the combination of the two,and ultimately forms two patterns:adverbial modifier-centre word structure and coordinate word structure.Through the analysis of motivation outside words,we find that the formation of BBA is closely related to people’s cognitive habits and pragmatic psychology.The transformation between BBA type adjectives and ABB type adjectives in Yichang dialect also follows certain reasons,and BBA type adjectives cannot be regarded as a variation of ABB type adjectives in general.