声呐探测技术在人工鱼礁建设中的应用

Application of Sonar Detection Technology in Construction of Artificial Reefs

人工鱼礁作为海洋牧场的重要组成部分,在增殖和优化渔业资源、改善海洋生态环境、调整海洋渔业产业结构方面发挥着重要作用。人工鱼礁的规划设计、施工验收和后续的监测是建设海洋牧场技术方面的关键。为了充分发挥人工鱼礁的功能,需要对人工鱼礁开展精细及大规模的调查研究。传统的水下调查方式受限程度高,作业效率低下,而侧扫声呐可获取高分辨率的海底目标物图像,多波束测深系统可获取高精度的海底地形数据,两者结合可以给人工鱼礁的建设提供精确的海底地形地貌信息及人工鱼礁的空间信息,为人工鱼礁的设计、投放以及监测提供有效的技术支持。本文以目前国内外有关人工鱼礁建设的研究技术文献为基础,从人工鱼礁的前期选址、施工投放、空方量估算和后期监测等方面,归纳总结了水声技术及对应声学设备(侧扫声呐及多波束测深系统)在人工鱼礁建设中的应用,并对该技术应用前景做了展望。

As an important part of marine pastures,the artificial reefs play an important role in increasing and optimizing fishery resources,improving the marine ecological environment and adjusting the industrial structure of marine fisheries.The planning,designing,constructing,accepting and subsequent monitoring of artificial reefs are the keys to the technical aspects of building marine pastures.In order to give a full play to the functions of artificial reefs,it is necessary to carry out fine and large-scale investigations on artificial reefs.The traditional methods for underwater surveys are highly restricted and often lead to low operation efficiency.The side-scan sonar can be used to obtain high-resolution images of seafloor targets and the multi-beam bathymetry system can be used to obtain high-precision topographic data of the seafloor.Thus,the combination of the two techniques can provide accurate information about the topography and geomorphology of the seafloor and the spatial information on the artificial reefs for the construction of the artificial reefs,and then provide effective technological support for the design,deployment and monitoring of the artificial reefs.Based on the current research and technical literatures on the artificial reef construction at home and abroad and from the aspects of the early site selection,construction and deployment,empty square estimation and late monitoring of artificial reefs as well,the applications of hydro-acoustic technology and related acoustic equipment(e.g.side-scan sonar and multibeam bathymetry system)in the artificial reef construction are summarized,and the future application prospects of this technology are expected.