西藏芒康县查果西沟B点、崩隆达、纳日贡吐蕃摩崖造像调查简报

Archaeological Investigation of Cliff Carvings at Brag sgo shod B,Mar lung mdav,Nags ri sgang in Smar khams County,Tibet Autonomous Region

在2021年开展的全国石窟寺(石刻)专项调查工作中,西藏自治区文物保护研究所、芒康县文化局以及昌都市文物保护研究所组成的调查小组对地处西藏东部的芒康县境内的3处摩崖造像进行了调查与记录。3处摩崖造像分别位于芒康县纳西乡觉龙村、帮达乡然堆村境内,共发现11尊造像,通过比较造像特征,确认其中10尊佛教造像具有显著的吐蕃佛教造像风格。这些造像既有新的艺术表现形式,也有罕见的内容题材,它们的发现为进一步研究吐蕃佛教造像的空间分布、艺术传承及思想传播等提供了重要资料,又推动了唐代汉藏文化交流和唐蕃古道的研究,具有重要的学术价值。

In the 2021 national survey of Grottoes,Tibet Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics Preservation and Archaeology,Smar khams Cultural Heritage Administration,and the Institute of Cultural Relics Preservation of Chamdo conducted a detailed survey of cliff carvings in Smar khams County,during which three sites of rock carvings were discovered in Juelong Village of Naxi township and Randui Village in Bangda township.They were named as Brag sgo shod B,Mar lung mdav,and Nags ri sgang respectively.This report gives a comprehensive introduction to the three sites of cliff carvings.By comparing the image features,it is confirmed that the 10 Buddhist images among them have remarkable Tobo characteristics.Comparative analysis of clothing and accessories indicates that the 5 images at Brag sgo shod B share the characteristics of the first group of Tobo cliff carvings in Smar khams and Chaya,while the cliff side images at Mar lung mdav and Nags ri sgang share the characteristics of the second group of the development period of Smar khams and Chaya Tobo images.Combined with other Tobo images with absolute ages in Eastern Tibet,we believe that the five images at Brag sgo shod B should be dated to the late 8th century and the images at Mar lung mdav and Nags ri sgang should be dated to the early 9th century.At the three sites,new forms of artistic expression have been found,such as hats with upturned brim and large circular earrings,as well as rare subjects such as Sakyamuni Buddha,elephant-riding Samantabhadra and lion-riding Manjushri Bodhisattva of wisdom,Vairocana of the Vajradhatu,Amoghasiddhi and Amitabha.These remains provide significant information of the spatial distribution,artistic inheritance and idea dissemination of Buddhist images from this period,especially the discovery of elephant-riding Samantabhadra and lion-riding Manjushri Bodhisattva of wisdom images which emerged under the influence of the Saddharmapundarika Sutra and Avatamsaka Sutra of Mahayana is of great significance for the study of cultural interaction between Tang Dynasty and Tobo,as well as for the study of the Tang-Bo Ancient Road.