喷雾参数对猕猴桃精量对靶授粉雾滴沉积量的影响

Effects of spray parameters on the deposition of target pollination droplets by kiwifruit precision

为了提高猕猴桃在不同倾斜角度下的花粉液沉积量,达到节约花粉液和提高授粉效率的目的,提出了一种基于角度调控的精量对靶授粉方式,并分析了气压、液压、喷雾距离和倾斜角度对雾滴沉积量的影响。首先搭建了精量对靶授粉试验装置;其次针对不同花朵重叠的情况,设计了精量对靶的角度调控方案、控制参数试验方案以及沉积量、雾滴粒径大小测试方法,确定了无倾斜角度下的授粉控制参数;再次分析了倾斜角度对雾滴沉积区域面积、理论授粉时间、雾滴逃逸率以及授粉补偿时间的影响,确定了最终授粉时间;最后通过验证性试验对精量对靶授粉方式进行雾滴沉积量和授粉成功率的分析。试验结果表明:当授粉液压为0.070 MPa、授粉气压为0.150 MPa、授粉距离为40 cm、授粉基础时间为3.50 s时,雾滴沉积量可满足无倾斜角度的充分授粉要求;随着花朵、喷嘴倾斜角度的增大,雾滴逃逸率和授粉补偿时间随之增大,最大雾滴逃逸率为27%;精量对靶授粉方式在不同倾斜角度下花蕊区平均雾滴沉积量稳定在43.0~46.5 mg,平均单朵花所需最终授粉时间3.67 s,授粉成功率达到96.7%。基于角度调控的精量对靶授粉方式在节约花粉液、提高授粉效率以及提高充分授粉率上具有显著优势,可为高效自动化精量授粉提供支持。

In order to improve the deposition of pollen liquid of kiwifruit under different inclination angles,and achieve the purpose of saving pollen liquid and improving pollination efficiency,a precision-to-target pollination method based on angle regulation was proposed,and the effects of air pressure,hydraulic pressure,spray distance and inclination angle on droplet deposition were analyzed.Firstly,we set up a precision target pollination test device.Secondly,in view of the overlap of different flowers,we designed the precision target angle control scheme,parameter test scheme,deposition amount and droplet size test method,and determined the pollination control parameters without tilt angle.Thirdly,we analyzed the effects of tilt angle on droplet deposition area,theoretical pollination time,droplet escape rate and pollination compensation time again,and determined the final pollination time.Finally,we analyzed the droplet deposition and pollination success rate of precision target pollination by confirmatory test.The experimental results show that the droplet deposition could meet the requirements of full pollination without tilt angle when the pollination hydraulic pressure was 0.070 MPa,the pollination pressure was 0.150 MPa,the pollination distance was 40 cm,and the pollination base time was 3.50 s.With the increase of tilt angle of flower and nozzle,the droplet escape rate and pollination compensation time increased,and the maximum droplet escape rate was 27%.The average droplet deposition in the stamen area of the precision target pollination method at different tilt angles was stable between 43.0 and 46.5 mg.The average final pollination time required for a single flower was 3.67 s,and the pollination success rate reached 96.7%.The precision target pollination method based on angle regulation has outstanding advantages in saving pollen liquid,and improving pollination efficiency and full pollination rate,which can provide support for efficient automatic precision pollination.