行人与自动驾驶汽车的交互研究

Research on Interaction between Pedestrian and Automated Vehicle

从行人-汽车-环境系统视角出发,探索道路交通系统中行人安全设施、自动驾驶汽车让行行为、驶近方向以及外部人机界面(eHMI)等因素对行人与自动驾驶汽车交互过程的影响。基于洞穴式自动虚拟环境(CAVE)仿真平台,使用Unity 3D软件设计、开发了自动驾驶汽车的驾驶场景,招募38名志愿者参与行人与自动驾驶汽车交互实验,并记录交互过程中行人的决策时间、决策结果和交互体验等数据。利用生存分析对38名行人被试的实验数据进行了统计学分析,结果表明:在有自动驾驶汽车的交通环境中,行人安全设施、自动驾驶汽车的让行行为和eHMI能够显著缩短行人决策时间、提升交互体验、提高交通效率。但行人安全设施对行人决策与行为的影响主要体现在过街间隙出现的早期,汽车让行行为的影响相对滞后,同时光带式eHMI用于传达自动驾驶汽车让行意图的效力和清晰度有限。

From the perspective of the pedestrian-vehicle-environment system,the effects of pedestrian safety facility,AV's yielding behavior,approaching direction and eHMI on pedestrian-AV interaction were investigated.Based on a cave automatic virtual environment(CAVE)simulation platform,the Unity 3D software was utilized to design and develop the AV's driving scenario.Thirty-eight volunteers were recruited for the pedestrian-AV interaction experiments.During the experiments,the participants'decision time,decision results and subjective experience were recorded and further statistically analyzed with survival analysis.The results indicate that with the presence of an AV in the traffic,pedestrian safety facility,AV's yielding behavior and eHMI may significantly shorten pedestrians'decision time,enhance their interactive experience and improve traffic efficiency.However,the influences of pedestrian safety facility on pedestrians'crossing decision and behavior exist from the earlier stage of the crossing gap,compared with AV's yielding behavior.Meanwhile,the efficacy and clarity of a light band-based eHMI are somewhat limited for conveying AV's yielding intention.