野生与驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼肌肉营养成分分析

Comparison of Nutritive Composition in Muscle of Wild and Domesticated Goby Acanthogobius ommaturus

经过多代全人工配合饲料驯化和选育后,为查明全程投喂配合饲料的斑尾刺虾虎鱼营养成分和品质变化,试验选择驯养F3代斑尾刺虾虎鱼肌肉开展常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸营养评价。结果显示,驯养的斑尾刺虾虎鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著高于野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.01),而粗灰分含量显著低于野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.05),水分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。氨基酸方面:两者均检测到16种氨基酸,其中7种为必需氨基酸;4种鲜味氨基酸总含量为驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(39.47%)>野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼(31.74%);必需氨基酸指数为驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(73.65)>野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼(66.76)。脂肪酸方面:驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼中共检测到25种脂肪酸,而野生为24种;驯养和野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼肌肉脂肪酸中均含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸,分别占脂肪酸总量的39.58%和40.91%;饱和脂肪酸总量野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼显著高于驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.05),而单不饱和脂肪酸总量野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼低于驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸总量二者差异不显著(P>0.05);n-3和n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸组成不同,野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.05),n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸野生斑尾刺虾虎鱼显著低于驯养斑尾刺虾虎鱼(P<0.05)。综上所述,斑尾刺虾虎鱼肌肉营养价值较高,肉质鲜美,具有高蛋白低脂肪的特点,饲料中可适当添加n-3系列多不饱脂肪酸,从而改善斑尾刺虾虎鱼肉质和营养价值。

The purpose of this study was to understand the changes in nutrient composition and quality of the goby Acanthogobius ommaturus fed compound diet throughout the whole course,after several generations of acclimation and breeding of artificial formula feed,F3generation muscles of the goby were selected as samples in this experiment.The approximate nutritional composition,amino acid composition,fatty acid composition in muscles of wild and farmed goby were analyzed by conventional methods.The results showed that compared with wild goby,the contents of crude protein and crude fat in muscle of cultured goby was significantly higher(P<0.05),while the crude ash content of cultured group was significantly lower than that of wild goby(P<0.01),without significant differences in the moisture in muscle(P>0.05).The amino acid composition of the two was basically the same,sixteen types of amino acids were found in the muscle of the goby,which included seven types of essential amino acids.Four types of delicious amino acids were found in the muscle,the content of the cultured and wild group were 39.47%and 31.74%respectively(P<0.05).The essential amino index(EAAI)of cultured goby(73.65)was higher than that of wild goby(66.76);the total contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in muscles of cultured and wild goby were 39.58%and 40.91%,respectively.A total of 25 fatty acids were detected in cultured goby and 24 in wild goby.The total content of saturated fatty acids(SFA)in muscle of wild goby was significantly higher than that in cultured goby(P<0.05)while the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)was significantly lower than that in cultured goby(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)between wild and cultured goby.The total content of n-3 PUFA in muscle of wild goby,however,was significantly higher than that of farmed goby(P<0.05).The total content of n-6 PUFA in muscle of wild goby was significantly lower than that of farmed goby(P<0.05).The findings indicated that goby muscle is nutritional and delicious,and featured by high protein content and low fat content,and that the dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids can improve the meat quality and nutritional value of the goby.