世界咖啡产业竞争力评价及中国的对策

Evaluation of World Coffee Industry Competitiveness and China’s Countermeasures

21世纪以来,世界咖啡主产国和出口国主要集中在巴西、越南、哥伦比亚和印度尼西亚等发展中国家,而消费主要集中在欧盟、美国、日本等经济体。中国虽然在咖啡单产方面位列全球第一,但产量和收获面积仍不足全球总量的2%,且中国的咖啡原料、咖啡初加工产品和咖啡深加工产品均不具备国际竞争力。近年来,巴西、越南政府通过不断加大对咖啡产业的补贴力度、支持咖啡产业的可持续发展以及扩大对外开放等方式来促进咖啡产业向价值链上游攀升。为促进中国咖啡产业发展,应建立以竞争力为导向的咖啡产业支持体系、加快咖啡产业与国际市场接轨、推动咖啡产业可持续发展。

Since the 21st century, the main coffee producing and exporting countries in the world have mainly been concentrated in developing countries such as Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia and Indonesia, while consumption have mainly been concentrated in economies such as the European Union, the United States and Japan. Although China ranks the first in the world in terms of coffee yield per unit area,its output and harvest area are still less than 2% of the global total, and China has no international competitiveness in coffee raw materials, coffee primary processing products and coffee deep processing products. In recent years, the governments of Brazil and Vietnam have promoted the coffee industry to climb up the value chain by continuously increasing subsidies to the coffee industry,supporting the sustainable development of the coffee industry, and expanding opening to the outside world. In order to boost the development of China’s coffee industry, it is necessary to establish a competitive-oriented coffee industry support system, accelerate the integration of the coffee industry with the international market, and promote the sustainable development of the coffee industry.