司法证明认知路径论的反思与展望

A Reflection on and an Outlook for the Cognitive Path of Judicial Proof

司法证明认知路径直接决定了司法证明活动的质量。当前,主流的认知路径论是印证证明理论。印证证明理论以一致性评价为内核,以真理融贯论、真理符合论、归纳推理与溯因推理为基础。在理论架构上,一致性评价指向模糊,且印证证明理论的基础过于杂糅。据此,印证证明理论无法有效指导司法实践。司法证明认知路径论应当从印证向证成转型与变革。认知证成路径与自由心证的司法语境相契合,并且有助于增强裁判的认知正当性。

The cognitive path of judicial proof directly determines the quality of judicial proof activities.At present,the mainstream cognitive path theory is the corroboration theory.This theory takes consistency evaluation as its core and is based on the coherence theory of truth,the correspondence theory of truth,inductive reasoning and abductive reasoning.In terms of theoretical framework,the direction of consistency evaluation is vague,and the basis of the corroboration theory is too mixed,thus it cannot effectively guide judicial practice.The cognitive path theory of judicial proof should transform and reform from corroboration to justification.The path of cognitive justification fits with the judicial context of free evaluation of evidence and helps to enhance the cognitive legitimacy of judgments.