新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对西安某院骨折住院患者流行病学特征的影响

Effect of COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of fracture-caused hospitalization in a hospital in Xi’an

目的比较西安某院新冠疫情封控期、疫情常态化防控期以及非疫情期间创伤骨科骨折住院患者流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学唐都医院创伤骨科2021年12月23日—2022年1月24日(封控期组)、2020年12月23日—2021年1月24日(常态化组)和2019年12月23日—2020年1月24日(非疫情期组)收治的194例骨折患者临床资料。封控期组40例,其中男性23例,女性17例;年龄13~81岁,平均50.9岁。常态化组74例,其中男性42例,女性32例;年龄14~85岁,平均53.4岁。非疫情期组80例,其中男性46例,女性34例;年龄1~96岁,平均51.1岁。分析比较三组患者年龄、性别、婚姻状况、职业、居住地、骨折原因、骨折场所、骨折部位、合并伤等流行病学特征差异。结果疫情封控期组骨折住院患者数量(40例)显著少于疫情常态化防控期间组(74例)和非疫情期间组(80例,χ^(2)=11.682,P<0.05),但疫情常态化防控期间组和非疫情期间组比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.173,P>0.05)。新冠疫情改变了骨折住院患者的地区分布(χ^(2)=7.253)、骨折原因(χ^(2)=9.799)、骨折场所(χ^(2)=10.508)、入院方式(χ^(2)=15.133)、入院时情况(χ^(2)=19.467)及骨折合并损伤(χ^(2)=6.921),P均<0.05。然而新冠疫情对骨折住院患者年龄分布(χ^(2)=3.303)、骨折部位(χ^(2)=4.460)及治疗方式(χ^(2)=4.861)未见明显影响(P均>0.05)。结论新冠疫情期间骨折患者数量明显减少,骨折原因及场所等流行病学特征改变,特别是在疫情封控期,低能量损伤是此期间骨折的主要原因。但是在疫情常态化防控期骨折住院患者的流行病学特征与以往非疫情期相比未见明显变化。

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of fracture-related inpatients among the lockdown period,normal prevention and control period and non-epidemic period.Methods Clinical data of 194 fracture patients were retrospectively analyzed,who admitted in the Department of Orthopaedics of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from 2021-12-23 to 2022-1-24(lockdown period group),2020-12-23 to 2021-1-24(normal prevention and control group)and 2019-12-23 to 2020-1-24(non-epidemic period group).In the lockdown period group,there were 40 cases,including 23 males and 17 females aged 13-81 years,mean 50.9 year.There were 74 cases in the normal prevention and control group,including 42 males and 32 females aged 14-85 years,mean 53.4 years.There were 80 cases in the non-epidemic group,including 46 males and 34 females aged 1-96 years,mean 51.1 years.The epidemiological characteristics of fracture patients were analyzed and compared among three groups,focusing on age,gender,marriage status,occupation,residence,cause/location/site of fractures and combined injuries.Results The number of inpatients with fractures in the lockdown period group(40 cases)was significantly smaller than that in the normal prevention and control group(74 cases)and the non-epidemic period group(80 cases,χ ^(2)=11.682,P<0.05),but comparison between the normal prevention and control group and the non-epidemic period group revealed no significant difference(χ ^(2)=1.173,P>0.05).COVID-19 have changed the regional distribution(χ ^(2)=7.253),fracture causes(χ ^(2)=9.799),fracture locations(χ ^(2)=10.508),mode of admission(χ ^(2)=15.133),condition on admission(χ ^(2)=19.467)and combined injuries(χ ^(2)=6.921),all P<0.05.However,COVID-19 showed no significant influence on the age of inpatients(χ ^(2)=3.303),fracture site(χ ^(2)=4.460)and management choices(χ ^(2)=4.861),all P>0.05.Conclusion During the lockdown period,the incidence of fractures is reduced,and the causes and locations are changed,mainly low energy injuries.However,the epidemiological characteristics of fracture inpatients between the normal prevention and control group and non-epidemic period group revealed no big difference.