论自动驾驶汽车的发展风险抗辩

On the Development Risk Defense of Autonomous Vehicle

发展风险抗辩与产品责任的无过错责任属性并不冲突,对于促进自动驾驶汽车产业发展和技术革新具有重要意义,同时也不会不当阻碍受害人的救济,具有适用的正当性。以产品投入流通时世界最新最先进的科学技术水平来判断发展风险不符合自动驾驶汽车自主学习、持续升级的技术特点,也忽视了自动驾驶汽车产业尚处于初级阶段的发展现状。为适应自动驾驶汽车的发展,科学技术水平的判断时间点应适用“产品投入流通时+算法系统重大升级时”双重标准,科学技术水平的判断标准宜采取“行业惯性做法”,同时明确发展风险抗辩在设计缺陷与警示缺陷的具体适用,配备风险跟踪机制与风险分摊机制,以便最大程度平衡各方利益。

The development risk defense does not conflict with the no-fault liability attribute of product liability, which is of great significance to promote the development of the autonomous vehicle industry and technological innovation. At the same time, the development risk defense will not unduly hinder the victim’s relief, so it has the legitimacy of application. The practice of judging development risk based on the latest and most advanced technology level standard in the world when a product is put into circulation is not in line with the technical characteristics of self-learning and continuous upgrading of the autonomous vehicle, and ignores the development status of the autonomous vehicle industry in its initial stage. In order to adapt to the development of autonomous vehicles, the double standard of “when the product is put into circulation + when the algorithm system is significantly updated” should be applied to the time point of judging the technology level, and the standard of judging the technology level should adopt the “industry inertia practice”. At the same time, the specific application of development risk defense in design defects and warning defects should be clarified, and the risk tracking mechanism and risk allocation mechanism should be equipped to balance the interests of all parties to the greatest extent.